Web Resources

The Partition Library is presently under construction. Once completed, the library will be a compilation of all known resources on Partition managed by a team of volunteer staff and interns, and kept updated through your contributions.

Know of a book, movie or website on Partition that you would like to see listed here? Contact us with your suggestions and help develop this citizen-powered library. The development of this library is a work in progress and we welcome your contribution.

Are we all Indians now?

Author(s): 
S. Akbar Zaidi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Little Magazine
www.littlemag.com/bodypolitic/akbarzaidi.html

"GOD IS A REFUGEE": Nationality, Morality and History in the 1947 Partition of India

Author(s): 
Gautam Ghosh
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Social Analysis: The International Journal of Anthropology
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23171742

"Honourable Resolutions": Gendered Violence, Ethnicity, and the Nation

Author(s): 
Kavita Daiya
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Alternatives: Global, Local, Political Vol. 27, No. 2, Partition (Apr.-June 2002), pp. 219-247 (29 pages) Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.
www.jstor.org/stable/40645046

"India: a people partitioned" (BBC Radio Documentaries)

Author(s): 
Andrew Whitehead
www.andrewwhitehead.net/india-a-people-partitioned.html

From Website: " In 1997, after four years as a BBC correspondent based in Delhi, I had the enviable opportunity of making a radio series for the BBC World Service to mark the fiftieth anniversary of India's and Pakistan's independence. India: a people partitioned sought to be a social history of Partition: not about the high politics of independence, nor about the British Raj and those who upheld it, but about the lived experience of the millions who were caught up in the Partition whirlwind.

"Partitioned Lives: Migrants, Refugees, Citizens in India and Pakistan, 1947-65"

Author(s): 
Haimanti Roy
Publisher/Sponsor: 
History Faculty Publications
https://ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=hst_fac_pub

"Swadeshi" Color: Artistic Production and Indian Nationalism, ca. 1905–ca. 1947

Author(s): 
Natasha Eaton
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Art Bulletin
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43188857

Color held a contested status in relation to the discursive and affective entanglement of art and Indian nationalism. Examination of the artworks, speeches, manifestos, and musings of Mohandas K. Gandhi, Abanindranath and Rabindranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, and Jamini Roy shows how color could be "redeemed" from the disciplinary straitjacket of the British colonial art school. Construed by Indian nationalists as both cosmopolitan and fundamental, color (in terms of its materiality and political resonance) became critical to the formation of a Bengali aesthetic.

"Unwanted Citizens in a Saturated State Towards a Governmentality of Rehabilitation from Part I - Framing Policy"

Author(s): 
Uditi Sen
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press (online)
www.cambridge.org/core/books/citizen-refugee/unwanted-citizens-in-a-saturated-state/0F8E058CFD8A4F97E1ECE6BB2CAC80D4

Introduction: Though nearly seven decades have elapsed since the partition of India, the crisis of rehabilitating the refugees born of this political fissure is yet to be relegated to the pages of history.

(Extra)Ordinary Violence: National Literatures, Diasporic Aesthetics, and the Politics of Gender in South Asian Partition Fiction

Author(s): 
Rosemary Marangoly George
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Vol. 33, No. 1, War and Terror II: Raced‐Gendered Logics and Effects beyond Conflict ZonesSpecial Issue EditorsMary Hawkesworth and Karen Alexander (Autumn 2007), pp. 135-158 (24 pages) Published By: The University of Chicago Press
www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/518371

15th August 1947: India after Partition is declared Independent of British Rule

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Maps of India
www.mapsofindia.com/on-this-day/15th-august-1947-india-after-partition-is-declared-independent-of-british-rule

Maps of India offers a summary of events that describe the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan.

1946: The Great Calcutta Killings and the Noakhali Genocide

Author(s): 
Sinha, Dinesh Chandra
Dasgupta, Ashoke
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Sri Himangshu Maity
bit.ly/3lg0CCj

1947: The Year of Partition

www.partitionofindia.com

This website provides first-hand accounts of people’s own experiences and memories of partition. It also provides reflections on the actions of political leaders during partition.

1947Partition.org

Author(s): 
Dr. Kavita Daiya
www.1947partition.org/aboutus.aspx

This website collects “educational resources about the histories and experiences of the 1947 Partition of India in order to create new knowledge about the transnational effects of ethnic violence and migration in the modern world.”

2 - Noakhali and After: History, Memory and Representations

Author(s): 
Sengupta, Debjani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press
bit.ly/3kTu3cW

Literature and history serve the same God and have a close interdependence on each other in that they both ‘narrate’ events. The empiricist and the constructionist theories of history have come under challenge and there is now an increased recognition that history's invented, discursive narratives have a close relationship with the figurative codes of literature as both depend on language and narrative forms. Both are, in particular ways, creations of the human imagination, although with differing objectives.

26 Extremely Rare Photos From 1947 That Show The Horror Of Partition

Author(s): 
Akarsh Mehrotra
Publisher/Sponsor: 
ScoopWhoop.com
http://www.scoopwhoop.com/inothernews/partition-photos-1947/

From scoopwhoop.com: After gaining independence from British Raj, India was to be divided into two separate countries (India and Pakistan). A major population exchange happened with around 25 million people relocating to their new homes and what followed was complete chaos. A large evil loomed over the population that was shifting to a new country once the borders were drawn. Religious riots along with acts of oppression and cruelty marked this huge event as a dark blot on the history of the two countries.

75 years after India's violent Partition, survivors can cross the border - virtually

Author(s): 
Lauren Frayer
Publisher/Sponsor: 
NPR
https://www.npr.org/2022/08/13/1103449107/india-pakistan-partition-75-virtual-reality-project-dastaan#:~:text=Raksha%20Kumar%2FNPR-,Ishar%20Das%20Arora%2C%2083%2C%20watches%20a%203%2DD%20video,through%20a%20virtual%20reality%20device.&text=NEW%20DELHI%20%

75 Years Later, the Fading Ghosts of India’s Bloody Partition

Author(s): 
Mujib Mashal
Hari Kumar
Zia ur-Rehman
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/14/world/asia/british-india-partition-hindu-muslim.html

With the passing decades, nationalist fervor and mutual suspicion have largely replaced memories of mass death and displacement during the chaotic cleaving of Pakistan from India.

A legacy of violence

Author(s): 
Furrukh Khan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Index on Censorship: Volume 26, 1997 - Issue 6: Partitions, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03064229708536266

A Partition of Contingency? Public Discourse in Bengal, 1946–1947

Author(s): 
Haimanti Roy
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press (online)
www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/partition-of-contingency-public-discourse-in-bengal-19461947/1F5E7947A4EB3AFB93F712C7147D9A7D

Abstract: The historiography on the Partition of Bengal has tended to see it as a culmination of long-term trends of Hindu and Muslim communalism within the province. This essay offers a counter-narrative to the ‘inevitability’ of the Partition by focusing on Bengali public discourse in the months leading up to the Partition.

A Reading of Violence in Partition Stories from Bengal

Author(s): 
Choudhury, Suranjana
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge Scholars Publishing
www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-5275-5027-8-sample.pdf

A Review of “For the Record: On Sexuality and the Colonial Archive in India”

Author(s): 
Rachel Berger
Publisher/Sponsor: 
History: Reviews of New Books, Volume 39, 2011 - Issue 4, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03612759.2011.600215

A rite of passage: The partition of history and the Dawn of Pakistan

Author(s): 
Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698019900510301

Abstract: This essay draws upon the anthropological conceptualization of ‘rites of passage’ to consider the 1947 Partition of the Indian sub-continent as such a rite, into what Liisa Malkki has called the national order of things. As a rite of passage, analytically distinguished into three phases of separation, transition or limen and incorporation, Partition stories can be seen as potentially about the phase of liminality — Pakistani-Indian and not-Pakistaninot-Indian — a liminality which is both ‘structurally invisible’ and deeply threatening to the ‘stable state’ or national order.

A Tale of Two Cities: The Aftermath of Partition for Lahore and Amritsar 1947-1957

Author(s): 
Ian Talbot
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Modern Asian Studies
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/tale-of-two-cities-the-aftermath-of-partition-for-lahore-and-amritsar-19471957/75D1667BFB03A63CAD4D19FCD037DC29

The cities of Lahore Pakistan and Amaritsar India suffered widespread destruction and demographic transformation in the wake of armed invasion and the later partition in 1951. Ten million Punjabis were uprooted. In all, around 13 million people were displaced by partition. Talbot examines the impact of partition on the cities and their inhabitants during the post-partition decade of 1947-1957

A well educated mind vs a well formed mind: Dr. Shashi Tharoor at TEDxGateway 2013

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Youtube/TED talks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcW4ABcY3zI&nohtml5=False

Minister of State,Ministry of Human Resource Development,Government of India

An elected Member of Parliament, former Minister of State for External Affairs and former Under-Secretary-General to the United Nations, Dr. Shashi Tharoor is the prize-winning author of fourteen books, including the classic The Great Indian Novel (1989), India from Midnight to the Millennium (1997), Nehru: The Invention of India (2003) and most recently Pax Indica: India & the World of the 21st Century (2012).

Actions, practices and historical structures: the partition of India

Author(s): 
Sanjoy Banerjee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
International Relations of the Asia-Pacific Vol. 2, No. 2 (2002), pp. 197-221 (25 pages) Oxford University Press
www.jstor.org/stable/26156505

Afghanistan-Pakistan Ties and Future Stability in Afghanistan

Author(s): 
Threlkeld, Elizabeth
Easterly, Grace
Publisher/Sponsor: 
USIP
www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/pw_175-afghanistan_pakistan_ties_and_future_stability_in_afghanistan.pdf

Informed by Afghan and Pakistani expert interviews, this report explores the historical dynamics and future trajectory of the Afghanistan-Pakistan relationship and its impact on Afghan stability.

After Hyderaba1948 Annexation: Muslim Belonging and Histories of the Long Partition

Author(s): 
Sarah Waheed
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Asian Affairs
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03068374.2022.2076488

This paper revisits the violent annexation of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad by the Indian army in 1948 as an inaugural moment of dispossession to reconstruct Hyderabad's twentieth century past along the axes of Muslim belonging and memory. I argue that we must situate twentieth and twenty-first century Hyderabadi Muslim migration in relation to Partition-related displacements and attempts to overcome them through economic conditions provided by migration.

After Partition: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

Publisher/Sponsor: 
BBC
newsvote.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/629/629/6922293.stm

From BBC: A special report on how India, Pakistan, and since 1971 Bangladesh, have developed since partition.

Aid Volatility and the Pattern of Education Spending in Bangladesh

Author(s): 
Ishraq Ahmed
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, The Bangladesh Development Studies Vol. 34, No. 2 (June 2011), pp. 23-46 (24 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/23339842

Bangladesh, with significant dependence on foreign aid after Independence especially for relief and reconstruction purposes, has diversified aid inflows over time to meet the country's increasing development needs. Foreign aid, particularly to the education sector, has,however, declined over the years. This paper examines the fluctuations in aid inflows to the education sector in Bangladesh vis-à-vis the country's domestic spending in education.

An-Other Space: diasporic responses to Partition in Bengal

Author(s): 
Louise Harrington
Publisher/Sponsor: 
India and the Indian Diasporic Imagination
www.academia.edu/2653742/An_Other_Space_diasporic_responses_to_Partition_in_Bengal?sm=b

Anxiety of Being: Remembering the Fears in Anita Rau Badami's Can You Hear the Night Bird Call

Author(s): 
Dr. Ajay Saheb Rao Deshmukh
Dr. Suhel Samad Shaikh
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Science, Technology and Development, 2022
www.academia.edu/69308192/ANXIETY_OF_BEING_REMEMBERING_THE_FEARS_IN_ANITA_RAU_BADAMIS_CAN_YOU_HEAR_THE_NIGHT_BIRD_CALL

Abstract: Fear is one of the primary emotions and state of psychological being which affects the physical existence of human being. Literature dealing with holocaust, partition or physicalviolence also highlights the dimension of fear. Victims are always under the siege of psychological trauma that devastates their human existence.

Bangla Stories

Author(s): 
Dr. Claire Alexander
Dr. Joya Chatterji
Shahzad Firoz
Dr. Annu Jalais
Publisher/Sponsor: 
LSE/Runnymede Trust
www.banglastories.org

From website: "Our stories of migration came out of a three- year London School of Economics/University of Cambridge project. They’re told by people who left Bengal after Independence in 1947 when the state was divided into West Bengal and East Pakistan (later Bangladesh). These are stories of people who left behind home and family, people who crossed new borders and travelled overseas, people who made new lives."

Bangladesh War of Independence: A Moral Issue

Author(s): 
Mokerrom Hossain
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 44, No. 5 (Jan. 31 - Feb. 6, 2009), pp. 26-29 (4 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/40278454

In 1971, the Bengalis of East Pakistan had to stand up against the West Pakistani military junta's indiscriminate attacks and declare independence. However, until today, the Pakistani government has not apologised for its crimes against humanity and there are a small number of people in Bangladesh who do not consider the crackdown on 25 March 1971 a wrongful act. It seems that some people of the country are still not sure about how to characterise the liberation war of Bangladesh.

BBC History: The Hidden Story of Partition and its Legacies

Author(s): 
Dr Crispin Bates
Publisher/Sponsor: 
British Broadcasting Corp.
www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/partition1947_01.shtml

BBC gives a historical account of the 1947 Partition; it provides an explanation of the causes and legacy of partition.

BBC’s “Partition Voices” Chronicles the Reverberating Pain of 1947

Author(s): 
Grewal, Jasleena
Publisher/Sponsor: 
kajalmag.com
bit.ly/3IAzmHq

Belief, not bargains: Did Jinnah really want Pakistan?

Author(s): 
Asad Rahim Khan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Dawn
https://www.dawn.com/news/1704480/belief-not-bargains-did-jinnah-really-want-pakistan

Seventy-five years on, it is unjust to continue attributing this country to a sleight of hand, rather than the Quaid's supreme will.

Between hunger and growth: pursuing rural development in Partition’s aftermath, 1947–1957

Author(s): 
Jack Loveridge
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09584935.2017.1292213

Built from the ground up by three thousand Sikh and Hindu refugees in the aftermath of the Partition of India in 1947, the town of Nilokheri in East Punjab emerged as an unlikely centre of agricultural education and scientific exchange. With support from the Ford Foundation, Indian and American scientists and development planners worked through the 1950s to transform the refugee township into a model of agricultural innovation and community development.

Between the Lines: Excavating the many histories of partition

Author(s): 
Manan Ahmed Asif
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Caravan
https://caravanmagazine.in/reviews-essays/between-lines-partition-history

Beyond Partition: Gender, Violence, and Representation in Postcolonial India

Author(s): 
Miriam Nandi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2015.1091608

Bleeding Wound: Analyzing Pakistan’s Kashmir Policy

Author(s): 
Irfan Waheed Usmani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Historian January-June 2009 (Volume 7, Number 1)
www.academia.edu/385653/BLEEDING_WOUND_ANALYZING_PAKISTAN_S_KASHMIR_POLICY

This article analyses Pakistan’s Kashmir policy from1989 to 1995. This period constitutes a new phase inPakistan’s Kashmir policy as it was synchronized with the resurgence of Kashmiri resistancemovement. During the previous two decades Kashmir issue was overlooked because Pakistan wasentangled with many other problems, ranging fromcrisis in East Pakistan to the problems arising fromthe Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Therefore,Pakistan was providing only lip service by placingrhetorical emphasis on the UN’s resolutionconcerning Kashmir.

British Voices from South Asia

Author(s): 
Rosan Augusta Jordan and Frank de Caro
www.lib.lsu.edu/special/exhibits/e-exhibits/india/intro.htm

"The exhibition marks the acquisition by the T. Harry Williams Center for Oral History at LSU of a series of taped interviews -- conducted by Professors Frank de Caro and Rosan Augusta Jordan of the LSU English Department -- with British people who lived and worked in India before Independence in 1947. Collectively they provide a sort of "self-portrait" of a colonial subculture and accounts of how Europeans experienced a great Asian society under the peculiar conditions of their time. Quotations from the interviews have been included for each section of the exhibition.

Bureaucracy and Border Control: Crime, Police Reform and National Security in Kutch, 1948–52

Author(s): 
Farhana Ibrahim
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic & Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2017/15/exploring-borderlands-south-asia/bureaucracy-and-border-control.html

Studies on militarisation and borders in South Asia have often remained focused on zones of spectacular conflict such as Kashmir, or Punjab during the partition. This article tracks the production of a discourse on borders by those charged with border security such as the police and other senior bureaucracy in the decades following the partition.

Calcutta riots

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The National Archives
bit.ly/3o319Jr

Extracts from a military report on the Calcutta riots.

Cartographies of nations and identities: A post-partition predicament

Author(s): 
Ritu Menon
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698019900510281

Catharsis in Indian Sindhi Literature Post Partition

Author(s): 
Dr. Matlani, Baldev
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Sindhishaan
www.sindhishaan.com/article/partition/part_01_02.html

It won’t be an exaggeration to say that agony flows through the arteries and veins of Sindhis in place of blood. The greatest blow of them all, the partition of India brought with it a series of tragedies.

Changing Tracks and Charting New Territories: The 'Train' Motif in Bengal Partition Stories of 1947

Author(s): 
Debasri Basu
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of the Department of English, Vidyasagar University (A Peer-Reviewed Journal)
www.academia.edu/41094223/Changing_Tracks_and_Charting_New_Territories_The_Train_Motif_in_Bengal_Partition_Stories_of_1947?sm=b

Chester 1947 Partition: Drawing the Indo-Pakistani Boundary

Author(s): 
Lucy Chester
Publisher/Sponsor: 
American Diplomacy
www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2002_01-03/chester_partition/chester_partition.html

A commentary and analysis of the 1947 Partition from Dr. Chester. "Drawing from her dissertation, she considers here the background to timely questions associated with the Kashmir dispute. She raises the policy question of partition as a tool for crisis management or resolution, and she provides useful historical evidence for scholars wishing to draw contemporary lessons."

China + India: The Power of Two

Author(s): 
Madhavi Thampi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Harvard Business Review
https://hbr.org/2007/12/china-india-the-power-of-two

"China and India are burying the hatchet after four-plus decades of hostility. A few companies from both nations have been quick to gain competitive advantages by viewing the two as symbiotic. If Western corporations fail to do the same, they will lose their competitive edge—and not just in China and India but globally.

China's Growing Ties With Indonesian Provinces

Author(s): 
Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Diplomat
://thediplomat.com/2021/07/chinas-growing-ties-with-indonesian-provinces/

China-India Relations: How Different Perceptions Shape the Future

Author(s): 
Haiqi, Zheng
Publisher/Sponsor: 
ISAS
www.isas.nus.edu.sg/papers/china-india-relations-how-different-perceptions-shape-the-future/

China-India relations are at a crossroads. Changing dynamics indicate that border disputes are likely to be part of the new normal which will create difficulties in restoring the bilateral relations to a normal level. The formation of competitive relations has mainly contributed to the difference in perceptions between China and India in terms of border issues and the countries’ broader strategic designs. These conflicting visions may hinder their efforts to reach a potential consensus and bring about progress in their relationship.

Choreographing [in] Pakistan : Indu Mitha, Dancing Occluded Histories in "The Land of the Pure"

Author(s): 
Feriyal Amal Aslam
Publisher/Sponsor: 
University of California, Los Angeles
www.worldcat.org/oclc/825121231

"This critical biography of Indu Mitha, a Pakistani dancer and choreographer, lays out an alternate, creative history of sixty-four years of post-Partition Pakistan. Her life and work enable choreographing an occluded space on stage and beyond, which I call space of hope --a space of alterity, a place where narratives countering the nation state boundaries enforced by the 1947 Partition of British India into the three independent states of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh (1971). This space is not a post-colonial one, but is based on a longer shared historical specificity of South Asia.

Citizenship and Social Belonging Across the Thar: Gender, Family and Caste in the Context of the 1971 War

Author(s): 
Farhana Ibrahim
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03068374.2022.2078082

In this article, I examine the 1971 war (better known as the war for the liberation of Bangladesh) from a western Indian perspective. I argue that this war between India and Pakistan—while it focused overtly on the independence of East Pakistan—had some significant consequences for the western border between Kutch (in Gujarat state) and Sindh (in Pakistan).

Citizenship, Reservations and the Regional Alternative in the All-India Services, ca. 1928–1950

Author(s): 
Oliver Godsmark
Publisher/Sponsor: 
South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, Volume 38, 2015 - Issue 2, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2015.1014957

This paper unearths an alternative paradigm through which to consider the discussions and debates between members of the Indian public, government bureaucrats and Congress Party politicians about the rights and interests of Indian citizens both before and immediately after India's Independence in 1947. It argues that much of the recent historical work on citizenship during this period has been preoccupied with issues of nationality and religious community as a result of the fallout from Partition.

Colonial Infrastructure and the Politics of Partition of Punjab

Author(s): 
Mubbashir Rizvi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Studies in Global Asias University of Minnesota Press Volume 6, Issue 2, Fall 2020
muse.jhu.edu/article/807284

34 Field Trip Larkin, Brian. 2018. “Promising Forms: The Political Aesthetics of Infrastructure .” In The Promise of Infrastructure, edited by Hannah Appel, Nikhil Anand, and Akhil Gupta, 175–­ 202. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. Perlez, Jane, and Yufan Huang. 2016. “China Promoting Tourism for Disputed Paracel Islands.” New York Times, May 8. https://www.nytimes .com/2016/05/29/world/asia/south-china-sea-tourism.html. Roberts, Brian Russel, and Michelle Ann Stephens, eds. 2017. Archipelagic American Studies. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Communal Violence in Princely States During Partition (1947)

Author(s): 
Kanwaljit Kaur
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Indian History Congress
https://www.jstor.org/stable/44146784

Conceptions of Citizenship in India and the 'Muslim Question'

Author(s): 
Ornit Shani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Modern Asian Studies, Cambridge University Press
www.jstor.org/stable/27764650

This paper explores the development of multiple conceptions of citizenship in India in an attempt to understand how, despite profound social divisions, India's nationhood holds together. The paper advances the proposition that the Indian polity incorporated a deeply divided and conflict-ridden population by offering multiple notions of citizenship upon which a sense of membership in the nation, and a share in the enterprise of the state, could be sought.

Copy of a letter from Winston Churchill to Clement Attlee, 1 July 1947

Author(s): 
Churchill, Winston
bit.ly/3xYLP3L

"This is a copy of a letter from Winston Churchill to Clement Attlee, 1 July 1947.Clement Attlee was the Prime Minister of the Labour Government that drew up plans to grant independence to India. Churchill was the leader of the opposition Conservative Party and was deeply worried about the plans. He objected to the use of the term ‘Independence’ because the new legislation was supposed to grant India and Pakistan dominion status. This meant that they recognised the British King, George VI, as their head of state and that Britain would retain some influence over the country.

Creating Legal Space for Refugees in India: the Milestones Crossed and the Roadmap for the Future

Author(s): 
Prabodh Saxena
Publisher/Sponsor: 
International Journal of Refugee Law
https://academic.oup.com/ijrl/article/19/2/246/1582270

"The whole of South Asia is devoid of any standards and norms on any dimension of refugee reception, determination and protection. The fact that a quarter of the world's refugees find themselves in a non-standardized, if not hostile, refugee regime is a situation which does not augur well for either the mandate of UNHCR or for any civilized society. The South Asian nations have their own apprehensions, real or imaginary, about the utility of CSR 1951 to their situations.

Crossing the barrier A descriptive and evaluative study of partial fiction

Author(s): 
Ravishankar Rao
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Mangalore University
bit.ly/3uZm4AU

"The relevance of a study of Partition fiction can hardly be over-emphasised. A focussed critical assessment of this fiction becomes necessary given the considerable fictional output that has thematised the Partition - and the paucity of critical attention devoted to it. An assessment of this kind is also relevant because it is likely to usher in a process of self-introspection and self-knowledge, both at the level of the individual and the community.

Curating the Wound: The Public Memory of Partition Remains Woefully Caste-Blind

Author(s): 
Ravinder Kaur
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Caravan
https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/public-memory-partition-remains-caste-blind

Daughters of Mother India in Search of a Nation: Women's Narratives about the Nation

Author(s): 
Jasbir Jain
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly
www.jstor.org/stable/4418143

The image of "Mother India" has often been used to represent the nation, but within this image the relationship of women to the nation does not find a place. The question of where a woman belongs is one that has many answers but these are hardly ever related to nationhood. This article looks at how nation and nationhood have been defined in women's writings in India. It attempts to explore this through two main themes: first, narratives of partition, specifically those written by women across the border and second, the dominant perceptions reflected in women's writings.

Daughters of Trauma: Women as Sites of Nationalistic Appropriation in Partition Cinema

Author(s): 
Roshni Sengupta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Księgarnia Akademicka
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26916358

"This paper attempts to delineate and focus on the common narrative thread running through subsequent cinematic treatises on the situation of women during the Partition, particularly those kidnapped and sexually violated during the vivisection. It proposes to construct a cultural and memorialized history of the Partition through a reading of mediated representations of literary engagements with the event, particularly the narrativization of the cinematic trope of the ‘radicalized’ Muslim and his involvement in the abduction of “chaste” Hindu women during the cataclysmic event.

Demanding the impossible: exploring the possibilities of a national partition museum in India

Author(s): 
Anindya Raychaudhuri
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor & Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330.2012.665233

This article examines what is arguably a paradox: given the unique position held by the events of the 1947 Partition in the collective consciousness of the Indian subcontinent, why is there no national partition museum anywhere in India? The article analyses the possible reasons for this absence, evaluates the arguments for establishing such a museum, and considers what shape it might take.

Democracy and Governance in Pakistan

Author(s): 
Mubeen Khalid
Publisher/Sponsor: 
South Asia Partnership-Pakistan
www.academia.edu/25295890/Democracy_and_Governance_in_Pakistan

Denial and resistance: Sylheti Partition 'refugees' in Assam

Author(s): 
Anindita Dasgupta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Contemporary South Asia, Volume 10, 2001 - Issue 3, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09584930120109559

This paper uses the Partition narratives of Sylheti bhodrolok refugees from East Bengal to show that these people were displaced without experiencing direct violence or violent expulsions. Based primarily on personal accounts, using memories as well as local postcolonial texts, it tries to shed some light on a category of migrants so far marginalized in Partition historiography. The attempt here is not to point out the great inconsistencies between Partition theory and reality, but to try and identify what was 'local' about the migration to Assam.

Descendant of the Storm: On Being a Child of Refugees and Teaching Partition Narratives

Author(s): 
Umeeta Sadarangani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Modern Language Studies
www.jstor.org/stable/40346980

Did Sikh squads participate in an organised attempt to cleanse East Punjab during Partition?

Author(s): 
NISID HAJARI
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Caravan
caravanmagazine.in/vantage/did-sikhs-squads-participate-organised-attempt-cleanse-east-punjab-during-partition

6/30/2015

Different Identity Formations in Bengal Partition Narratives by Dalit Refugees

Author(s): 
Sarbani Banerjee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2016.1277154

Abstract: This essay examines the representation of Dalit refugees’ experiences in post-Partition West Bengal through Adhir Biswas’ memoirs Deshbhager smriti ([Biswas, Adhir. 2010. Deshbhager Smriti. 4 vols. Kolkata: Gangchil], Bengali) and Allar jomite paa ([Biswas, Adhir. 2012. Allar jomite paa. Kolkata: Gangchil], Bengali) and Manoranjan Byapari’s autobiographical work Itibritte chandal jibon ([Byapari, Manoranjan. 2012. Itibritte Chandal Jibon. 1 vol. Kolkata: Kolkata Prakashan], Bengali).

Dimensions and Dynamics of Violence during Partition of India

Author(s): 
Chandni Saxena
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Indian History Congress
www.jstor.org/stable/44158892

Displaced by partition, she visited Pakistan home after 75 years

Author(s): 
Aliza Noor
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/13/displaced-by-partition-she-visited-pakistan-home-after-75-years

Last month, 90-year-old Reena Chhibber Varma, undeterred by age and ailments, embarked on a journey that many thought was impossible.

Displacement, integration and identity in the postcolonial world

Author(s): 
Victoria Redclift
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1070289X.2015.1008001

Defining the relationship between displaced populations and the nation state is a fraught historical process. The Partition of India in 1947 provides a compelling example, yet markedly little attention has been paid to the refugee communities produced. Using the case of the displaced ‘Urdu-speaking minority’ in Bangladesh, this article considers what contemporary discourses of identity and integration reveal about the nature and boundaries of the nation state.

Dissimilar twins: residue of 1947 in the twenty-first century

Author(s): 
Meenakshi Mukherjee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor & Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330903361133

In this article Meenakshi Mukherjee traces the impact of the Indian partition of 1947 on the creative writing, films and intellectual life of India and Pakistan.

Divided Lands, Phantom Limbs: Partition in the Indian Subcontinent, Palestine, China, and Korea

Author(s): 
Jonathan D. Greenberg
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of International Affairs Editorial Board
www.jstor.org/stable/24357863

Diving Deeper into Narrative of Indian Partition; Literature's Role in a holistic understanding of Partition

Author(s): 
Bhumika Hooda
Publisher/Sponsor: 
O.P.Jindal Global University
www.researchgate.net/publication/356209616_Diving_Deeper_into_Narrative_of_Indian_Partition_Literature%27s_Role_in_a_holistic_understanding_of_Partition

India and Pakistan will celebrate their 74th Independence Day this year. Both the countries have come far from their situation on the eve of independence, in terms of infrastructure, economy, globalization and overall development. Yet, the ghost of horrendous partition continues to haunt both nations, with the relationship between India and Pakistan still strained after more than half a century. It is finally time to understand the totality of partition to overcome these differences and come to terms with the past.

DNA Explainer: Why did Partition of India happen and the horrors that took place

Author(s): 
Shampa Sen
Publisher/Sponsor: 
DNA Web Desk
https://www.dnaindia.com/explainer/report-dna-explainer-why-did-partition-of-india-happen-and-the-horrors-that-took-place-2905947

DNA Special: Has China become India's enemy No. 1? Where does Pakistan stand?

Author(s): 
Karishma Jain
Publisher/Sponsor: 
DNA Web Desk
https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/report-has-china-become-indias-enemy-no-1-where-does-pakistan-stand-2897865

Do They Want to Turn Partition into a Gilbert and Sullivan Opera?’: Performing Partition as Uncanny Farce

Author(s): 
Anindya Raychaudhuri
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Rawat Publications
risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/do-they-want-to-turn-partition-into-a-gilbert-and-sullivan-opera(a7133ff4-506c-478b-9d51-fc4aea1cd177).html

While the library of scholarship that engages with the cultural representation of the 1947 India/Pakistan partition is immense, the specific genre of theatre has been surprisingly under-examined. This chapter aims to redress this balance through a focus on a selection of Anglophone plays which deal with partition. In this chapter, I argue that a useful lens to study these plays through is that of farce. Although the plays do not always follow the generic rules of farce to any great degree, they do often aim to construct a narrative of partition as itself a farcical event.

Dr Shashi Tharoor MP - Britain Does Owe Reparations

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Youtube/OxfordUnion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7CW7S0zxv4

The motion: This house believes Britain owes reparations to her former colonies.

ABOUT THE OXFORD UNION SOCIETY: The Union is the world's most prestigious debating society, with an unparalleled reputation for bringing international guests and speakers to Oxford. It has been established for 189 years, aiming to promote debate and discussion not just in Oxford University, but across the globe.

Dwelling on Morichjhanpi: When Tigers Became 'Citizens', Refugees 'Tiger-Food'

Author(s): 
Annu Jalais
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4416535

In 1978, several hundred Bengali refugees in Morichjhanpi, one of the northern-most forested islands of the Sundarbans, were brutally evicted by the authorities for violating the Forest Acts. This paper looks at how the memory of Morichjhanpi was evoked by the islanders to reveal their resentment about the unequal distribution of resources between them and the Royal Bengal tigers of the Sundarbans reserve forest.

Education Intercepting The Dalit Way of Being

Author(s): 
Sarbani Banerjee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2017.1320226

Abstract: Through readings of Adhir Biswas’ memoirs – Deshbhager Smriti [2010. 4 vols. Kolkata: Gangchil] and Allar jomite paa [2012. Kolkata: Gangchil] – as well as Manoranjan Byapari’s autobiographical work Itibritte Chandal Jibon (2012), I study the importance of education in the lives of first-generation literate Bengali Dalit immigrants. I evaluate the journey of Biswas and Byapari from being labelled as “chhotolok”, towards becoming a part of the bhadralok social group, redefining what it means to belong to either group.

End of the Postcolonial State

Author(s): 
Faisal Devji
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic & Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2021/44/50-years-liberation-bangladesh/end-postcolonial-state.html

Much of the scholarship on Bangladesh’s founding places it within a narrative of repetition. It either repeats the partitions of 1905 or 1947 or the creation of India and Pakistan as postcolonial states. This paper argues instead for the novelty of Bangladesh’s creation against the postcolonial state, suggesting that it opened up a new history at the global level in which decolonisation was replaced by civil war as the founding narrative for new states.

Evolution of the Sikh Partition Narrative Since 1947

Author(s): 
Shyamal Kataria
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17448727.2021.1939509

The partition of India in 1947 was, and undoubtedly remains, the most turbulent episode in the recent history of the subcontinent. Of course, the reading of Partition history, be it through its humanitarian or political dimension, is anything but uniform. It is observable that a group narrative of Partition exists for each community directly affected by the event – that is to say, Hindu, Muslim and Sikh respectively.

Experiment with Freedom: India and Pakistan, 1947

Author(s): 
Hugh Tinker
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs
academic.oup.com/ia/article-abstract/44/1/143/2547115?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Exploring the China-India Relationship Roundtable Report

Author(s): 
Julia M. Rosenfield
Publisher/Sponsor: 
CNA Analysis & Report
https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/D0023594.A1.pdf

With the 60th anniversary of the establishment of formal diplomatic ties between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of India taking place in the spring of 2010, the time was right to further explore the China-India relationship. On July 29, 2010, CNA China Studies hosted a half-day roundtable to discuss this important topic. Participants, who included analysts from various think-tanks in Washington, DC, were asked to address the following issues:
 India’s perspective on the China-India relationship
 China’s perspective on the China-India relationship

Exploring the Hindu/Muslim Divide through the Partition of Bengal

Author(s): 
Maurice O'Connor
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Universidad de Cádiz, Tis essay was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain. ProjectFFI2015-63739-P: “Te Aesthetics of Remembering: Empathy, Identification, Mourning”.
www.academia.edu/37759692/EXPLORING_THE_HINDU_MUSLIM_DIVIDE_THROUGH_THE_PARTITION_OF_BENGAL

Abstract: In this paper we shall explore the move from localised to politicised identities in Bengalisociety and evidence how religious affiliation became a central consideration within thisshift. Te growth of communalism, we shall argue, has much to do with the colonialstrategy of establishing separate electoral systems for Hindus and Muslims, cementingthe separation between these religious groupings.

Exposure to Armed Conflict and Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Young Adults in Kashmir, India

Author(s): 
Rayees Mohammad Bhat, B. Rangaiah
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Volume 24, 2015 - Issue 7, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10926771.2015.1062449

In this study, the relationship between armed conflict and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was explored in a sample of young adults from Northern Kashmir in India. The sample included 797 college students. Exposure to conflict was assessed by the Exposure to Kashmir Conflict Checklist, made up of 16 different types of conflict-related events. PTSD symptoms were assessed through the PCL–C, a 17-item self-rating questionnaire typically used as a screening instrument. Nearly half of the respondents (49.81%) were found to be in the diagnosable range for PTSD.

Family Histories of the Bengal Partition

Author(s): 
Meghna Guhathakurta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
"India International Centre Quarterly Vol. 25, No. 1 (SPRING 1998), pp. 126-143 (18 pages)"
www.jstor.org/stable/23005609

Feminist interruptions: The silence of East Bengal in the story of partition

Author(s): 
Shelley Feldman
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698019900510291

Abstract: Using a feminist episteme I examine the exclusion of the East Bengal/East Pakistan experience in constructions of contemporary narratives of Partition. Including the double colonialism of East Bengal, its particular location in the ethnic and religious hierarchies of the region, and the simultaneity of separation and violence as well as freedom and social mobility challenges the emergent meta-narrative of violence by contributing a contradictory interpretation of the Partition experience.

Five myths about the partition of British India - and what really happened

Author(s): 
Navtej Purewal
Eleanor Newbigin
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Conversation
https://theconversation.com/five-myths-about-the-partition-of-british-india-and-what-really-happened-187131

For Sindhis, Partition Meant Loss of a Homeland, of a Culture and a Language

Author(s): 
Saaz Aggarwal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Wire
https://thewire.in/history/for-sindhis-partition-meant-loss-of-a-homeland-of-a-culture-and-a-language

The community however turned hardship into success and thrived by assimilating into the host society.

Forgetting Partition: Constitutional Amnesia and Nationalism

Author(s): 
Kanika Gauba
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic & Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2016/39/special-articles/forgetting-partition.html

History’s silence resonates in the textual silence of the Indian Constitution on the immense scale of violence and exodus accompanying the partition of the subcontinent, despite the contemporaneity of partition and constitution writing. Clearly discernible on a closer reading of the Constituent Assembly's debates are implicit influences of partition on key constitutional decisions, such as citizenship, political safeguards for religious minorities and provisions creating a strong central tendency in the union.

Freedom and Fear: India and Pakistan at 70

Author(s): 
Dr Pippa Virdee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Diplomat
thediplomat.com/2017/07/freedom-and-fear-india-and-pakistan-at-70/

Friends from an earlier life': radical possibilities of nostalgic melancholy in poems of the 1947 Indian Partition

Author(s): 
Anindya Raychaudhuri
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses
riull.ull.es/xmlui/handle/915/7561

This paper will examine poetic responses to the trauma of Partition, and will consider both poetry written at the time and since. I will examine works in Bengali, Urdu and English, by such poets as Agha Shahid Ali, Jibanananda Das, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, and Achintya Kumar Sengupta. I will examine how poets deal with the memory of the violence and the resulting legacy of dislocation and alienation. I will examine the possibilities of poetic melancholy as a tool in order to respond to and negotiate the enforced and violent change in identities that Partition precipitated.

From Community to Communal: The Bengal Secondary Education Bill and the Idea of Pakistan

Author(s): 
Anwesha Roy
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press (online)
www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/making-peace-making-riots/from-community-to-communal-the-bengal-secondary-education-bill-and-the-idea-of-pakistan/073D159583ABD5C302BFE5A8D623A43D

Summary: CASTE AND COMMUNITY POLITICS AROUND THE ISSUE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

We have seen in the previous chapter how famine relief was used as a window for communal mobilizations. Bengal was still reeling under the impact of the famine, when a new political issue captured its imagination. This was the tabling of the Secondary Education Bill by the ruling party in the Bengal Legislative Assembly, which immediately intensified the communal divide.

From Dandakaranya to Marichjhapi: rehabilitation, representation and the partition of Bengal (1947)

Author(s): 
Debjani Sengupta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor & Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330.2011.535673

The Partition of India (1947) is commonly understood as a violent territorial and political separation of peoples, their forced evictions and migration as well as communal upheavals. But India's Partition can be seen as something more than separation of communities and the creation of distinct national identities. This paper suggests that refugee rehabilitation, one of the important processes of the post-Partition years, formed the rubric through which we remember 1947.

From imperial discussion to transnational debate. The Commonwealth journal The Round Table and the Indo-Pakistani partition, 1947–1957

Author(s): 
Jens Norrby
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01916599.2019.1703857

The political shockwaves from the partition of India and Pakistan were felt far beyond the local tragedies that followed in its wake – not least in British imperial politics, where the two new Dominions and the subsequent reorganisation of the Commonwealth drastically altered the character of the imperial machinery. This article covers the first decade of Pakistan’s and India’s independence through the activity of the Commonwealth journal The Round Table.

Gaining a Ghetto: The Resettlement of Partition-affected Bengalis in New Delhi’s Chittaranjan Park

Author(s): 
Anubhav Roy
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08865655.2019.1653786

The Bengali sufferers of the tragic partition of India in 1947 have arguably failed to garner the political, policy, and discursive attention received by their West Pakistani or Punjabi counterparts. A case in point, Chittaranjan Park – a sub-urban neighborhood or colony of New Delhi granted as a ghetto to the Bengalis rendered rootless by the formation of East Pakistan – is rarely a muse for forays in partition studies or borderscaping.

Garm Hava' and the Politics of Protest

Author(s): 
Neera Chandhoke
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Wire
https://thewire.in/film/garm-hava-and-the-politics-of-protest

Demonstrators observe silence together, they sing in tandem, give and listen to speeches and clarify what impelled them to come out of their homes and occupy public land. In the process, they tell us what they stand for and from where they speak.

Garm Hava' Showed the Dilemmas and Choices of Muslims in 1947 and Remains Relevant Even Today

Author(s): 
Rachel Dwyer
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Wire
https://thewire.in/film/garm-hawa-showed-the-dilemmas-and-choices-of-muslims-in-1947-and-remains-relevant-even-today

In Sathyu’s film, both the Muslim and Hindu characters are examples of tolerance, kindness and restraint.

Gendering Displacement: Women Refugees and the Geographies of Dwelling in India

Author(s): 
Romola Sanyal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Leuven University Press
www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv25wxbvf.13

Gendering Oral History of Partition: Interrogating Patriarchy

Author(s): 
Anjali Bhardwaj Datta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly
www.jstor.org/stable/4418296

Women's lives in the Punjab, hitherto regulated by strictly set patriarchal norms, saw unexpected and almost drastic change as Partition set in. The motif of Partition has centred on the humiliation and trauma that women encountered and witnessed. While it is true that women were, in countless instances, Partition's ubiquitous victims, in very many ways the chaos and temporality of the post-Partition period allowed several of them to redefine themselves anew.

Getty Images: India 1947

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Getty Images
www.gettyimages.com/Search/Search.aspx?contractUrl=2&l+anguage=en-+GB&lic=rf&assetType=image&p=india+1947&src=standard

A collection of photographic images relating to the 1947 Partition of India. Some notable photographers included in this collection are Margaret Bourke-White, Bert Hardy, and Robert Nickelsberg.

Government-Press Relations in India during World War II

Author(s): 
Saeed Ahmad
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Pakistan Horizon
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41403887

Himal Southasian

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Southasian Trust
www.himalmag.com/index.php?option=com_googlesearch&n=30&cx=006895320230261818184%3Apcidox9obja&cof=FORID%3A11&ie=UTF-8&q=partition&sa=Search&hl=en&Itemid=22&cx=006895320230261818184%3Apcidox9obja

The Himal Southasian is "South Asia's first and only regional news and analysis magazine...critical analysis, commentary, opinion, essays and reviews -- covering regional trends in politics and economics with the same perspective as culture and history, Himal stories do not stop at national borders, but are followed wherever they lead." This online magazine features material on important aspects of Indian History as well, including the Partition of India.

Historic Trauma and the Politics of the Present in India

Author(s): 
Pradip Datta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13698010500267942

Abstract: India has had a very different history of violence and conflict from South Africa's, yet each democracy has had to face questions of how to deal with memories of past suffering, which bear directly on the quality of political life in the present. In India, the dream of national independence in 1947 rapidly changed into a nightmare of religious and ethnic violence. Britain's empire in the sub-continent was divided into two countries, Muslim-based Pakistan and constitutionally secular India, amid horrific massacres of Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs.

Historical Analysis of Successive Governments in Pakistan: A History of First Six Decades, 1947-2007

Author(s): 
Umbreen Javaid
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of Pakistan Vision
www.academia.edu/33544988/Historical_Analysis_of_Successive_Governments_in_Pakistan_A_History_of_First_Six_Decades_1947_2007

Pakistan is widely being portrayed a weak democratic state as elected governments were unnecessarily broken frequently. Violence in the recent years has given more strength to the negative perception of Pakistan as a polity not conducive for democratic institutions, this was doubled with the risk of military coup, which overshadowed the encouraging trends, like the maturing of Pakistani democracy, as demonstrated in parliament's adoption of far-reaching constitutional reforms.

Historicizing Pakistan’s Kashmir Policy

Author(s): 
Irfan Waheed Usmani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Historian, Volume 3 July-December 2005 Number 2
www.academia.edu/385642/HISTORICIZING_PAKISTAN_S_KASHMIR_POLICY

This article makes an historical analysis of Pakistani Kashmir policy between 1947-88. Besides providing a synoptic view of the Kashmir policies, pursued by various regimes in Pakistan both civilian and military also provides a thorough insight into all the major developments concerning Kashmir dispute as well as the responses of Pakistani governments’ visà- vis these developments. It contextualizes these main planks of Pakistan’s Kashmir policy by situating historical factors which invariably shaped its main contours.

History and Fiction: A Study of Indo-Anglian Partition Novel

Author(s): 
Fahmeeda Bano
Publisher/Sponsor: 
University of Kashmir
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/10603/32968

How refugees from Sindh rebuilt their lives - and India - after Partition

Author(s): 
Saaz Aggarwal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Scroll
https://scroll.in/article/1030368/the-story-of-sindh-and-how-its-refugees-rebuilt-their-lives-and-india-after-partition#:~:text=Being%20homeless%2C%20the%20Sindhis%20built,and%20so%20on%20%E2%80%93%20are%20poignant.

The community’s many losses and the distortion of their history is only now being acknowledged.

How were India-Pakistan partition borders drawn?

Author(s): 
Mohammed Haddad
Alia Chughtai
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/12/infographic-how-were-the-india-pakistan-partition-borders-drawn#:~:text=Seventy%2Dfive%20years%20ago%2C%20Sir,India%20and%20mainly%20Muslim%20Pakistan.

This animated map shows how the borders of the Indian subcontinent have evolved since the 1947 partition.

Ignorance, Forgetting, and Family Nostalgia: Partition, the Nation State, and Refugees in Delhi

Author(s): 
Dhooleka Sarhadi Raj
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Social Analysis: The International Journal of Anthropology Vol. 44, No. 2 (November 2000), pp. 30-55 (26 pages) Berghahn Books
www.jstor.org/stable/23166533

In Search of the Silver Lining' : Vestiges of the Humane in Narratives of Indian Partition Violence

Author(s): 
Debasri Basu
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of the Department of English, Vidyasagar University [Peer-reviewed National-level Journal, included in UGC-CARE List], 2021 (Pg 119-128)
www.academia.edu/49357678/In_Search_of_the_Silver_Lining_Vestiges_of_the_Humane_in_Narratives_of_Indian_Partition_Violence

In-Between Spaces: Resettling Reminiscences of 1947 Partition of Indian subcontinent through Five Rivers: A Portrait of Partition

Author(s): 
Dilpreet Bhullar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
South Asian Popular Culture
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14746689.2015.1088498

Staged inside a shamiyana (tent-house), the video-installation Five Rivers: A Portrait of Partition, a documentary in cyclorama by Sheba Remy Kharbanda and William Charles ‘Chuck’ Moss narrates Amrik Singh’s personal account of the 1947 Partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan. The Partition Scholarship is largely divided into the narratives based on ‘high politics’ and ‘voices from below’.

Independence, Partition & Punjab Boundary Force

Author(s): 
Man Aman Singh Chhina
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Indian Express
https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/independence-partition-punjab-boundary-force-8090629/

The PBF was given the responsibility of disturbed areas comprising Sialkot, Gujranwala, Seikhupura, Lyallpur, Montgomery, Lahore, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jullunder and Ferozepur districts.

Independence, Partition and Gendered Violence

Author(s): 
Bonani Chatterjee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
An International Journal of World Literatures and Cultures
www.academia.edu/64070703/Independence_Partition_and_Gendered_Violence?sm=b

Abstract:This paper seeks to analyse the causes of sectarianviolence against women which are rooted in the history of the partition of the country during independence and patriarchalattitudes which continue to dominate society. That this violencewas gendered is a fact largely ignored by recorded historyalthough it appears as a recurrent theme in the fictional narrativesof the partition.

India and China: Conflict and Cooperation

Author(s): 
David M. Malone
Rohan Mukherjee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Survival
https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/faculty-publications/india_and_china_conflict_and_cooperation.pdf?sfvrsn=14c2930b_0

India and Pakistan: The Demography of Partition

Author(s): 
Kingsley Davis
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Pacific Affairs, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Sep., 1949), pp. 254-264, Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia
www.jstor.org/stable/2751797

India and South Asia: exploring regional perceptions

Author(s): 
Vivian Louis Forbes
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, Volume 11, 2015 - Issue 2: Governance and maritime security in the Indian and South Atlantic Oceans: Part 1, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19480881.2015.1066060

India Independence

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The British Library Board
www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indianindependence/index.html

From website:"This is a portal to educational sources available in the India Office Records on the historical event of Indian Independence, 1947."

India of the Past: Preserving Memories of India and Indians

Author(s): 
Subodh Mathur
www.indiaofthepast.org/

This website is "preserving memories of India and Indians." It features written interviews, exposing the personal stories of people's first-hand experiences during important times of Indian History.

India Relief and Education Fund: Partition - The Great Migration

Author(s): 
Margaret Bourke-White
Publisher/Sponsor: 
India Relief and Education Fund
iref.homestead.com/GreatMigration.html

From their Resource Center on South Asian History, "South Asia has suffered from several mis-portrayals that have reduced the understanding of its historical development to the spiritual realm, whereas in fact, the region has made several contributions in the areas of science, technology, art and literature, and prior to the colonial period, it was a major world supplier of high quality pre-industrial manufactures. Here are links to various articles covering different period of its history."

India's partition and the defence of Pakistan: An historical perspective

Author(s): 
Ayesha Jalal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03086538708582743?journalCode=fich20

India's Role in Bangladesh's War of Independence: Humanitarianism or Self-interest?

Author(s): 
Navine Murshid
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 46, No. 52 (DECEMBER 24, 2011), pp. 53-60 (8 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/41719989

This paper assesses India's decision to intervene militarily in Bangladesh's War of Independence in 1971. It explores the various arguments - shared ethnicity, irredentist tendencies, lack of international involvement, and the need to tip the balance of power against Pakistan-to understand the motivations behind India's apparent aggressive behaviour, as deemed by the international community at the time.

India's Trade and Payments After Partition

Author(s): 
A. N. Subrahmanyam
Publisher/Sponsor: 
India Quarterly
https://www.jstor.org/stable/45067595

India, Pakistan, and a History of Water Sharing: Revisiting the Indus Water Treaty

Author(s): 
EPW Engage
Publisher/Sponsor: 
EPW Engage
www.epw.in/engage/article/india-pakistan-indus-water-treaty

Legal and political considerations make flouting the Indus Water Treaty easier said than done.

India, Pakistan, and the West

Author(s): 
Percival Spear
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Oxford University Press
academic.oup.com/ia/article-abstract/44/1/143/2547115?redirectedFrom=fulltext

India/Pakistan: Indian Independence and the Question of Partition

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Choices Program
www.choices.edu/resources/detail.php?id=205

The Choices Program is a non-profit organization based at Brown University that develops curricula on current and historical international issues. Course materials place special emphasis on the importance of educating students in their participatory role as citizens. This particular curriculum focuses on Indian Independence and the Partition of 1947.

India: Partition

Publisher/Sponsor: 
World Peace Foundation
bit.ly/3tGjhvw

The push for Indian independence quickly gained momentum following World War II; alongside demands for independence from Great Britain was a second movement to create a separate state for Muslims. The All India Muslim League felt that as minorities in a Hindu majority India, Muslim interests would not be represented in independent India. Leaders in Hindu and Muslim political organizations, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah (both staunch secularists) advocated the idea that Hindu and Muslims formed two separate nations.

Indian arrivals 1870–1915: networks of British empire

Author(s): 
Anshuman A. Mondal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2017.1281402

Indian Memory Project: 1947 India Pakistan Partition Archives

Author(s): 
Anusha Yadav
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Memory Company
www.indianmemoryproject.com/category/battle-and-conflict/1947-partition/

From website: "Indian Memory Project is an online, curated, visual and narrative based archive that traces a history of the Indian Subcontinent, via photographs and letters found in personal archives. Contextualised with narratives, the photographs & letters (contributed by people all over the world) reveal a powerful and historical palimpsest of a largely undocumented society and sub-continent.

Indian Partition Literature: Reading Displacement—Partition Reading Patterns, and Trauma

Author(s): 
Jenni Ramone
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Palgrave Macmillan
link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/978-1-137-56934-9_2

This chapter shows how Partition interrupted lines of communication and trade affecting India’s literary culture, and argues that books and reading function in Indian Partition literature as a means of moving beyond trauma. Contexts include colonial cartography and pre-Partition literary culture as well as relocated bookshops and research libraries during Partition.

Indian, Pakistani brothers reunite after 75 years of Partition

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Gulf News
https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/indian-pakistani-brothers-reunite-75-years-after-partition-1.89873439

Pakistani farmer has helped reunite about 300 families through his YouTube channel

India’s obsession with Kashmir

Author(s): 
Nitasha Kaul
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Feminist Review No. 119, Gender, Violence and the Neoliberal State in India (July 2018), pp. 126-143 (18 pages) Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.
www.jstor.org/stable/26776505

Indo-Bangladesh Relations: Problems and Prospects

Author(s): 
S.A. Zafar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, Pakistan Horizon Vol. 46, No. 3/4 (July-October 1993), pp. 89-103 (15 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/41393443

Indonesia-China cooperation: Standby for take-off

Author(s): 
Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar
Pashya, Habib
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Interpreter
://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/indonesia-china-cooperation-standby-for-take-off

Inheritance of ‘Enemy’ Property by Indian Citizens Is Still a Bit of Unfinished Business of Partition

Author(s): 
Salman Khurshid
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Wire
https://thewire.in/law/inheritance-of-enemy-property-by-indian-citizens-is-still-a-bit-of-unfinished-business-of-partition

The long shadows of 1947 still reach this democratic and secular democracy.

Insanity and then hope

Author(s): 
Adnan Adil
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Academi of the Punjab in North America
apnaorg.com/articles/ishtiaq-13/?msclkid=9f49484acf1211eca8665e6653d66636

Interpreting the Legacy of Partition in the Subcontinent: India and Pakistani Perspective

Author(s): 
Shantanu Chakrabarti
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Księgarnia Akademicka
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24920193

Politeja - No. 40, MODERN SOUTH ASIA: A SPACE OF INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE (2016), pp. 21-30 (10 pages)

Intimate class acts: friendship and desire in Indian and Pakistani women’s fiction; Contemporary diasporic South Asian women’s fiction: gender, narration and globalisation

Author(s): 
Anna Thomas
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2017.1281403

Iqbal, Jinnah and India's Partition: An Intimate Relationship

Author(s): 
V.N. Datta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic & Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2002/50/special-articles/iqbal-jinnah-and-indias-partition.html

This paper brings out some dimensions of the crucial political relationship between Muhammad Iqbal and Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Though this relationship had far-reaching consequences in shaping the contours of the subcontinent's turbulent history, it has not been adequately studied in partition histories.

Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan, 1857–1964

Author(s): 
Aziz Ahmad
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs
academic.oup.com/ia/article-abstract/44/1/143/2547115?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Islamist assertion in contemporary India: The case of the students Islamic movement of India

Author(s): 
Yoginder Sikand
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs Volume 23, 2003 - Issue 2, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1360200032000139974

Kashmiriyat as Empty Signifier

Author(s): 
Neil Aggarwal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13698010802145150

Abstract: The disputed status of Jammu and Kashmir represents the unfinished business of the Partition of India and Pakistan. This essay examines how claims to Kashmir by India, Pakistan, the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) and the Kashmiri Pandits influence usage of the term ‘Kashmiriyat’ (i.e. the ethos of being Kashmiri). The term is frequently invoked with inconsistent meaning. Kashmiriyat is analysed, through linguistic and semiotic theories of the ‘empty signifier’, to identify which groups are present and absent within sociopolitical discourses.

LDA might cancel map of Mukhtar kin’s residence

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Times of India
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lda-might-cancel-map-of-mukhtar-kins-residence/articleshow/78374540.cms

Legacy of Partition

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Leicestershire County Council
www.leics.gov.uk/index/leisure_tourism/local_history/recordoffice/recordoffice_exhibitions/legacy_of_partition.htm

An online archive of an exhibit held May 2, 2009 at the Braunstone Civic Centre focusing on The Legacy of Partition, 1947-2009.

Lessons from Malerkotla’

Author(s): 
Dr Pippa Virdee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
National Herald
epaper.nationalheraldindia.com/imageview_1463_163530916_4_71_06-10-2019_i_1_sf.html

Life in a Refugee Colony in India

Author(s): 
Singh, Prabhat
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Diplomat
//bit.ly/3g9aWc8

Listening for Echoes: Partition in Three Contexts

Author(s): 
Smita Tewari Jassal
Eyal Ben-Ari
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418294

The experience of partition as a political and territorial separation of groups and societies is shared by a number of states in contemporary times. As many societies have been shaped in significant yet uniquely different ways by partition, this essay examines its relevance in facilitating conversations across cultures. In moving beyond contexts and cultural specificities, this essay searches for comparative insights and approaches with the potential for fruitful dialogue.

Literary Representation: Partition in Indian and Pakistani Novels in English

Author(s): 
Franes Harrison
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Indian Literature
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23336961

Literature and the human drama of the 1947 partition

Author(s): 
Ian Talbot
Publisher/Sponsor: 
South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856409508723243

Looking Back at Partition and Women: A Factsheet

Author(s): 
Sengupta, Anwesha
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Peace prints
wiscomp.org/pubn/wiscomp-peace-prints/4-1/ANEWESHA.pdf

Within patriarchal structures, women are often considered as embodiments of the honor of the whole community. Accordingly, in times of ethnic, religious or other violent conflict, they become major targets. Rape has always been a potent weapon of war in humiliating and emasculating the enemy. This Factsheet provides a glimpse into the magnitude and nature of the sexual violence that was unleashed during the Partition of the Indian Subcontinent in 1947 and the issues that germinated from it.

Looking backwards and forwards from Partition

Author(s): 
Ramachandra Guha
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Hindustan Times
http://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/looking-backwards-and-forwards-from-partition/story-wdI90zPx8AwK4W5RuuQVRI.html

A look back at the Partition and all the events that took place during the mass migration of people from one side of border to the other. In addition, Guha quickly touches on and re-asks many question that surround partition and the tragedy that occurred in the lead up to, during and after the drawing of the India-Pakistan border.

Looting in the NWFP and Punjab: Property and Violence in the Partition of 1947

Author(s): 
Ilyas Chattha
Publisher/Sponsor: 
South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2021.1980951

According to Police Special Branch intelligence reports, amidst the chaos of Partition, over 60,000 ounces of gold were stolen from fleeing Hindus and Sikhs in 1947. Alongside political identity and religious organisation and territorialisation, desire for wealth or property was a key trigger for the continuation of the Partition violence. This article documents organised communal violence which erupted in the NWFP and Punjab during 1946–47 using largely underutilised police and intelligence reports from the period. The empirical focus of the article is two-fold.

Manas: History and Politics, Constitution of India

Author(s): 
Vinay Lal
www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Independent/indep.html

From website: "This site aims at offering a scholarly yet readable narrative of some aspects of Indian history, politics, culture, and religion. It does not in the least aspire to be comprehensive, an objective that at any rate cannot be achieved, and subjects, personalities, and themes have been chosen for exploration and interpretation because they interest the creator of the site, though often they are of intrinsic importance in understanding the history and evolution of Indian civilization."

Memories of Partition: Revisiting Saadat Hasan Manto

Author(s): 
Sudha Twari
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 48, No. 25 (JUNE 22, 2013), pp. 50-58 (9 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/23527974

Memory of Pain, Scars of Separation: Mapping the Personal History of Partition in Bapsi Sidhwa's Ice-Candy-Man

Author(s): 
Pradipta Shyam Chowdhury
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Raja Rammohun Roy Mahavidyalaya
www.academia.edu/37275548/Memory_of_Pain_Scars_of_Separation_Mapping_the_Personal_History_of_Partition_in_Bapsi_Sidhwas_Ice_Candy_Man

"Abstract:Partition Novels based on the social and political upheaval, which occurred at the fag end of the two hundred years of British Raj, became a distinct type in the context of Indian English Novels.

Migration after Partition: refugee crisis and rehabilitation in West Bengal with special reference to North Bengal

Publisher/Sponsor: 
ir.nbu
ir.nbu.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/3644/13/13_chapter%203.pdf

Military Nation-Building in Pakistan and India

Author(s): 
Raymond A. Moore
Publisher/Sponsor: 
World Affairs
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20671117

Minorities and Modernity: The Crisis of Liberal Secularism

Author(s): 
Bryan S. Turner
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13621020701605800

The Enlightenment as the origin of modernity and as the foundation of moral universalism has been much invoked by social theory in recent years especially by writers influenced by Michel Foucault's essay on the subject. Postmodernism and cultural anthropology have made the question about Enlightenment universalism ever more pressing. At one level the issue is very simple.

Movement of refugees

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The National Archives
bit.ly/3xCdgAf

Official report by India’s Ministry of Information on population movements.

Movement of refugees

Author(s): 
PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The National Archives
bit.ly/3EtW2Ib

Official report by India’s Ministry of Information on population movements.

Muhajirs and the Nation: Bihar in the 1940s

Author(s): 
Muneer Mustafa
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of Contemporary Asia:Volume 41, 2011 - Issue 1, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00472336.2011.530051

Murder, rape and shattered families: 1947 Partition Archive effort underway

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Dawn
https://www.dawn.com/news/1169309

Nation Misplaced: Film, Time and Space in South Asian Decolonization

Author(s): 
Nandini Bhattacharya
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2011.628139

Abstract: Histories and aesthetics of space intersected in South Asian decolonization. The contest for space has continued to be reflected in South Asian cinema from the 1950s to the present. Spatial politics and the aestheticization of spaces both reflect current politics and urban policies and also glance back at colonial and postcolonial histories of national fragmentation and nation-formation.

New book examines role of Jinnah in history

Publisher/Sponsor: 
THE NEWS SCROLL
https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/new-book-examines-role-of-jinnah-in-history/1936197

A review of the book, "Jinnah: His Successes, Failures and Role in History" by Ishtiyaq Ahmed

No man’s land: The Wagah-Attari border

Author(s): 
Dr Pippa Virdee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
LSE South Asia Blog
blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2017/08/14/no-mans-land-the-wagah-attari-border/

NOAKHALI

Publisher/Sponsor: 
IGNOU
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/63717/4/Unit-13.pdf

By advocating fearlessness, invoking a sense of responsibility and discoursing at an ethical moral plane, Gandhi prioritised his ideological fight against the ideology that had created the circumstances in which violence of this kind took place. He understood, from the very beginning, that the hegemony of communal ideology was partially a reflection of the socio economic structure of that society. And this was quite significant because his own earlier understanding of communalism was not as focused as it was beginning to look like now.

Notions of Gender: Rehabilitating refugee women in Partition’s aftermath

Author(s): 
Kana, Sandip
Publisher/Sponsor: 
repository.uel.ac.uk
bit.ly/3pnlp8U

This article seeks to recover the experience and agency of refugee women during the process of rehabilitation after Partition, focusing on technical training.2 It explores the ideas that underpinned the process of rehabilitating refugee women in the immediate years following the Partition of India in August 1947, within the Bombay state.

Of Boundaries and Border Crossings

Author(s): 
Sujata Ramachandran
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698019900510331

Abstract: Much has been written on Hindu nationalism in the past few years. Indeed, the rapid ascendancy of the Hindu Right has been the focus of attention of numerous scholars from a wide variety of disciplines. What remains neglected thus far is the role of recent migrations from Bangladesh, increasingly characterized in popular parlance as ‘infiltration’. The present paper aims to rectify this situation.

Of “other” histories and identities: partition novels from the Indian subcontinent

Author(s): 
Vishnupriya Sengupta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor & Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330903361174

Ever since the Partition, novelists on either side of the India–Pakistan border have used fictional space imaginatively to formulate discourses on a humanistically-centred, multiplistically-defined Other identity, which writes itself into existence through the prism of the novelists’ contextual present. In this article, I will focus on three partition narratives: Salman Rushdie's Midnight's children (1980), Bapsi Sidhwa's Ice candy man (1988) and Amitav Ghosh's The shadow lines (1988).

On Independence Day, Hyderabad Remained a Vast Hole at the Centre of New India’s Map

Author(s): 
Sunil Purushotham
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Wire
https://thewire.in/history/india-independence-1947-hyderabad

"As the country waves flags and celebrates the 75th anniversary of India’s independence, it is also time to take stock. What did India’s founders and citizens dream of, how has India fared, what have been our challenges and successes?

The Wire’s reporters and contributors bring stories of the period, of the traumas but also the hopes of Indians, as seen in personal accounts, in culture, in the economy and in the sciences. How did the modern state of India come about, what does the flag represent? How did literature and cinema tackle the trauma of Partition?"

Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Center for International Research and Studies
www.massviolence.org/spip.php?page=recherche&recherche=partition&form_cherches.x=0&form_cherches.y=0

The Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence is a database “focusing on massacres and genocides of the 20th century,” including historical descriptions and analyses of well-documented and less well-known massacres. There are three types of documents available on the website: Chronological Indexes, Case Studies, Scholarly Reviews and Theoretical Papers.

Outstanding Issues between Pakistan and Bangladesh

Author(s): 
Sanam Noor
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, Pakistan Horizon Vol. 58, No. 1 (January 2005), pp. 47-60 (14 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/41394082

Pakistan - India: The problem of making peace

Author(s): 
S. Akbar Zaidi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Hindu
www.sacw.net/article12654.html

Pakistan Toward Partition

Author(s): 
The Library of Congress Country Studies
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Library of Congress Country Studies
www.workmall.com/wfb2001/pakistan/pakistan_history_toward_partition.html

This website page provides a summary of events that lead Pakistan to Partition in 1947. More historical information about Pakistan can also be found.

Pakistan: The Promise of Democracy - The triumph of populism 1971-1973

Author(s): 
S. Akbar Zaidi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Dawn
www.sacw.net/article13492.html

Pakistan’s Colonial Legacy: FCR and Postcolonial Governance in the Pashtun Tribal Frontier

Author(s): 
Farooq Yousaf
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2018.1487322

Abstract: Postcolonialism, as a discipline and approach, offers an analytical lens through which to investigate problems in formerly colonized states of Africa and South Asia, along with a poststructuralist perspective on culture and discourse on politics of representation. Pakistan is one such former colony where postcolonial narratives and the persistence of colonial legacies such as the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), on its periphery of Pashtun-dominated tribal areas of FATA, has contributed to growing instability in the region.

Pangs of Partition: Lahore in 1947

Author(s): 
Sukhdev Singh Sohal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
"Proceedings of the Indian History Congress Vol. 64 (2003), pp. 1066-1073 (8 pages)"
www.jstor.org/stable/44145533

Panjab 1947: a heart divided

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The National Archives
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/panjab1947/

From The National Archives: The National Archives has recorded the narratives of four Panjabi elders uprooted from their homeland during the Partition of British India in 1947. At least 18 million people were uprooted and one million died in the mass migration that followed. In 2010, Jaswant, Mohammed, Reginald and Tilak Raj met at The National Archives to describe how Partition had shaped their lives.

Paradox of Anti-Partition Agitation and Swadeshi Movement in Bengal (1905)

Author(s): 
A. K. Biswas
Publisher/Sponsor: 
"Social Scientist Vol. 23, No. 4/6 (Apr. - Jun., 1995), pp. 38-57 (20 pages)"
www.jstor.org/stable/3520214

Partition and Dalit Politics in Bengal: The Figure of Jogendra Nath Mandal

Author(s): 
Anwesha Sengupta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Looking Back: The 1947 Partition of India, Seventy Years On, Orient Blackswan
www.academia.edu/34566531/Partition_and_Dalit_Politics_in_Bengal_The_Figure_of_Jogendra_Nath_Mandal?sm=bb

Partition and Gujarat: The Tangled Web of Religious, Caste, Community and Gender Identities

Author(s): 
Suchitra Balasubrahmanyan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2011.620556

Compared to Punjab and Bengal, Gujarat's experiences of the Partition of India in 1947 remain curiously under-researched even though the state has a long border with Pakistan and over a million people migrated to Gujarat, mostly from neighbouring Sindh. This paper seeks to fill this lacuna in Partition scholarship by examining the experiences of two Hindu groups, Sindhis and Gujarati Dalits, who left Sindh to settle in Ahmedabad.

Partition and Independence in Delhi: 1947-48

Author(s): 
Gyanendra Pandey
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4405816

This is a Partition-Independence that we have not always faced up to in our history-writing and our public presentations of that moment of 'liberation'. A focus on the Muslims of a disturbed and high-profile place such as Delhi in 1947-48 allows us to recover something of the suppressed memories of Partition and Independence, at the same time as we ask something about the way in which the history of these events has been written up.

Partition and Its Aftermath: Violence, Migration and the Role of Refugees in the Socio-Economic Development of Gujranwala and Sialkot Cities, 1947-1961

Author(s): 
Ilyas Ahmad Chattha
Publisher/Sponsor: 
University of Southampton- School of Humanities:Centre for Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/1.hasCoversheetVersion/Ilyas%20PhD-E-Thesis.pdf

An academic work, (PhD Thesis). Abstract from the author: The partition of India in August 1947 was marked by the greatest migration in the Twentieth Century and the death of an estimated one million persons. Yet until recently (Ansari 2005; Talbot 2006) little was written about the longer term socioeconomic consequences of this massive dislocation, especially for Pakistan. Even when the ‘human dimension’ of refugee experience rather than the ‘high politics’ of partition was addressed, it was not specifically tied to local case studies (Butalia, 1998).

Partition and Punjabi Novel

Author(s): 
Chaman Lal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Conference: Partition in South Asia, JNU, New Delhi
www.researchgate.net/publication/280309287_Partition_and_Punjabi_Novel?msclkid=9f492e3dcf1211ecaadad6f869a6c986

Partition and the Historiography of Art in South Asia

Author(s): 
Aparna Megan Kumar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
University of California, Los Angeles
www.worldcat.org/title/1096378194

This dissertation investigates the impact of the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 on the development of art, art institutions, and aesthetic discourse in India and Pakistan in the twentieth century. At the core of this study is the history of the Lahore Museum, whose collections of art and archaeology were divided between the emerging nations of India and Pakistan beginning in 1948.

Partition Diary – a longing for revisiting hometown

Author(s): 
Ahmad Naeem Chishti
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Dawn
https://www.dawn.com/news/1704204

One planned a year and a half back to record the memories of the elderly persons who witnessed the Partition of India and bore it on their souls. The untold tales of the painful migration of 1947 should reach the common man. We have preserved on YouTube channel called ‘Partition Diary’ the stories of nearly 100 old men who now live in various places of Bahawalnagar and Pakpattan districts of Punjab (Pakistan).

Partition in the Classroom: Appendix

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The University of Texas at Austin
www.utexas.edu/cola/insts/southasia/_files/pdf/outreach/partition_in_classroom_appendix.pdf

An appendix of resources on Partition from The University of Texas at Austin's South Asia department.

Partition Memories

Publisher/Sponsor: 
BBC
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6939997.stm

Intro from BBC: The 60th anniversary of the partition of India in 1947 and the birth of Pakistan was a momentous event in the region.
Millions of people found themselves on the wrong side of the border and hundreds of thousands lost their lives during the mass migration and communal bloodshed.

Generations of families, whose lives have been shaped by the partition, look back at the traumatic events of 1947 and the impact they had on the following 60 years.

Partition Narratives

Author(s): 
Mushurul Hasan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Oriente Moderno Nuova serie, Anno 23 (84), Nr. 1, ISLAM IN SOUTH ASIA (2004), pp. 103-130 (28 pages) Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino
www.jstor.org/stable/25817920

Partition of 1947 - India - Pakistan

Publisher/Sponsor: 
South Asia Citizens Web
www.sacw.net/rubrique20.html

An index of selected sources on the Partition of 1947.

Partition of India and the forgotten question of Baluchistan | Tarek Fatah | TEDxRGNUL

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Youtube/ TED talks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlrEHJ3jlY4&nohtml5=False

While India is known to have taken birth in 1947 as a modern state, the civilisational ethos of India has survived for ages. Mr. Fatah proposes the need to develop a grand narrative of the Indian civilisation that extends beyond the geographical boundaries of the Indian Territory. Narrating the horror of the continuing conflict in Baluchistan, Tarek Fatah supports the cause of Baloch nationalists to be liberated from the control of Pakistan.

Writer, Broadcaster, a Secular and Liberal Activist. Tarek Fatah is a scholar par excellence with command over a range of subjects.

Partition of the Indian Subcontinent: Planning and Implementation

Author(s): 
Rabia Umar Ali
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Quaid-I-Azam University - Department of History
http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Thesis/1287S.pdf

An academic work. (PhD Thesis) Abstract from the author: India’s Partition was an event of momentous significance for the three major communities, the Hindus, Muslims and the Sikhs who were at the time residing in the subcontinent. It was an equally important phenomenon for the British who were to withdraw their rule and thereby signify an imperial retreat from India. Independence was announced on the 15th of August 1947 after which the two sovereign States of India and Pakistan emerged on the map of the world.

Partition Prolonging Along the Bengal Borderlands

Author(s): 
Sayeed Ferdous
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Partition Studies Quarterly
www.academia.edu/44878859/Partition_Prolonging_Along_the_Bengal_Borderlands?sm=b

Abstract: The essay is about the prolonged aftermath of Partition. It will help one to see that far from being an event of the past, Partition is a living process in the present, replete with all its historical baggage. This article will engage with the complex relationships of the post-Partition states, theborder, and borderlanders. Contrary to the metaphor of surgery, the hasty-border making hasbecome a chronic wound, dispersing venomous pain, and infections. The case of Felani Khatun is probably one of the most telling examples of this.

Partition Studies: Prospects and Pitfalls

Author(s): 
Joya Chatterji
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Association for Asian Studies
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43553288

The Journal of Asian Studies
Vol. 73, No. 2 (MAY 2014), pp. 309-312 (4 pages)

Partition Voices

Author(s): 
Andrew Whitehead
www.andrewwhitehead.net/partition-voices.html

From Website: "Over the past twenty years, I have conducted scores of interviews with people with personal stories to tell of Partition - the botched division of British India in August 1947 to created two independent nations, India and Pakistan. It produced one of the great tragedies of a deeply tragic century - at least half-a-million dead, ten million or more migrants, and the rupture of a symbiotic culture, most notably in Punjab.

Partition, 1947: My Grandmothers & the Inheritance of Loss

Author(s): 
Somya Lakhani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Quint
https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/76th-independence-day-partition-1947-my-grandmothers-and-the-inheritance-of-loss

A pair of earrings is not all I inherited from my grandparents. They also left me their stories of grief and hope.

Partition, Migration, and Silence

Author(s): 
Mrinmoy Pramanick
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2020/41/postscript/%E2%80%8Bpartition-migration-and-silence.html

Partition, Pakistan, and South Asian History: In Search of a Narrative

Author(s): 
David Gilmartin
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/partition-pakistan-and-south-asian-history-in-search-of-a-narrative/EE2EAB056E8FC287709029505D032B5C

"Few events have been more important to the history of modern South Asia than the partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan in 1947. The coming of partition has cast a powerful shadow on historical reconstructions of the decades before 1947, while the ramifications of partition have continued to leave their mark on subcontinental politics fifty years after the event.

Partition: My journey to the ‘place no-one spoke of’

Author(s): 
Kavita Puri
Publisher/Sponsor: 
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62347457

Partitioning Bodies: Literature, Abduction and the State

Author(s): 
Bede Scott
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698010902752715

Abstract: During the 1947 Partition of India, an estimated 75,000 to 100,000 women were abducted by members of other religious communities – to be raped and murdered, sold into prostitution, or forced into marriage. In response to this crisis, the governments of India and Pakistan initiated a bilateral recovery programme whose objective it was to return ‘abducted persons’ to their natal or conjugal families. Over the last decade or so, however, criticism of this programme has become increasingly vociferous.

Pedagogy of Indian Partition Literature in the Light of Trauma Theory

Author(s): 
Beerendra Pandey
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Routledge India
www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780367817749-11/pedagogy-indian-partition-literature-light-trauma-theory-beerendra-pandey?context=ubx&refId=a4645036-f3d3-4525-bafb-26453ef49614

Abstract: The mediation, through representations, which gives rise to cultural trauma, sets off 'a dramatic loss of identity and meaning, a tear in the social fabric, affecting a group of people that has achieved some degree of cohesion’. An application of Bon Eyerman’s theory of cultural trauma as it relates to the formation of the Indian and Pakistani identities depends largely on the experiential mediation of the partition violence of 1947 — a mediation which conjoins collective memory and national identity through cultural templates.

Photographs from India Post-Independence

Author(s): 
Monica Ghosh
Publisher/Sponsor: 
University of Hawaii at Manoa
digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/indiapostindependence/index.php?c=1

This website features "the 36 photographs from India post-independence that have been digitalized in this collection were found in 2002, in a manila envelope, while cleanin gout a file cabinet used for storage. Since then the photographs have been housed in the Preservation Department at the University of Hawai'i Library."

Pioneer of modern art: The last train from Amritsar runs again after 16 years

Author(s): 
Hifza Jillani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
International New York Times
http://tribune.com.pk/story/702529/pioneer-of-modern-art-the-last-train-from-amritsar-runs-again-after-16-years/

The restoration of the famous paintings done by Bashir Mirza 16 years ago.

Planning for the Partition of India 1947: A Scuttled Affair

Author(s): 
Rabia Umar Ali
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Pakistan Journal of History and Culture/National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research- Pakistan
http://www.nihcr.edu.pk/Latest_English_Journal/Planning_for_partition.pdf

An academic article. Abstract form author: The history of the struggle for independence and partition of India from British stronghold needs an authentic and objective analysis not only of the course that it followed or the humanistic perspective that it developed but the sheer manner in which it was planned by the departing authorities. It was not the act but the way it was performed that has brought a whole aura of negativism to be associated with such a historic episode leading many to state and believe that it was a mistake.

Political Aesthetics of the Nation: Murals and Statues in the Indian Parliament

Author(s): 
Shirin M. Rai
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2014.882147

Abstract: This essay argues that aesthetic approaches to studying politics can allow us to read politics in more nuanced ways. Through the study of murals and statues in the Indian parliament, it is suggested that the politics of art and the art of politics are conjoined. In particular, the essay examines the ways in which the postcolonial Indian state reproduces the discourse of nationalism and modernity through its production of a nationalist aesthetic and how the consumption of this aesthetics results in struggles over meaning-making and its legitimacy.

Politics and Aesthetics: Partitions and Partitioning in Contemporary Art

Author(s): 
Clark, Jonathan Owen
Duque, João Lima
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Contemporary Aesthetics
bit.ly/3EcGE1U

Jacques Rancière defined the "distribution of the sensible" as the effect of a type of aesthetico-political decision-making that creates a partitioning of the realm of the perceivable in relation to both art and society.

Portrayal of Partition in Hindi Cinema

Author(s): 
Manoj Sharma
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Proceedings of the Indian History Congress Vol. 70 (2009-2010), pp. 1155-1160 (6 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/44147759

Postcolonial Studies @ Emory: Partition of India

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Deepika Bahri
postcolonialstudies.emory.edu/partition-of-india/

“Postcolonial Studies @ Emory is a student-authored project in (perpetual) progress at the English Department at Emory University. Begun in Spring 1996, it aims to furnish introductory level information on important creative and critical figures and significant topics in Postcolonial Studies.” Featured on this site is a study of the 1947 Partition of India and it includes a detailed timeline of events that occurred.

Problems of Violence, States of Terror: Torture in Colonial India

Author(s): 
Anupama Rao
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698010120059609

Abstract: The 'discovery' of torture and its prevalence in the extraction of confessions produced a dilemma for the colonial state in India. Especially with the publication of the two-volume Report of the Commissioners for the Investigation of Alleged Cases of Torture in the Madras Presidency in 1855, colonial administrators became uncomfortably aware of the contrived nature of the 'truth' produced before magistrates and the police.

Rakhis elude these wrists as sisters live in Pak

Author(s): 
Vimal Bhatia
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Times of India
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Rakhis-elude-these-wrists-as-sisters-live-in-Pak/articleshow/48727487.cms

A story of how Partition ripped families apart, and inflected everlasting damage. Bhatia shares a story of how a sister, who lives in India, cannot see her brother who live in Pakistan.

Ramchand Pakistani, Khamosh Pani and the traumatic evocation of Partition

Author(s): 
Humaira Saeed
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor & Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330903361166

This article will address the themes of partition, gender and trauma within two independent films from Pakistan, Sabiha Sumar's Khamosh Pani (2003) and Mehreen Jabbar's Ramchand Pakistani (2008). The article will consider how the events of 1947 – partition of India and creation of Pakistan – recur within the films as disruptive trauma. The article will consider what an engagement with the characteristics of trauma such as involuntary recall and disruption can bring to my readings of the films.

Recollections of the Partition of India

Author(s): 
Neil Hajela
partitionofindiaexperiences.weebly.com

A website project collecting recollection of people who were direct witnesses to the impact of partition. This project examines the stories of four people who were directly impacted by the partition of India; either as being a migrant, or as a person who lived next to the refugee camps, and was directly impacted by the mass inflow of refugees.

Recovering the Silenced Voices

Author(s): 
Choudhury, Mousumi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journalijar
www.journalijar.com/article/38058/recovering-the-silenced-voices-the-plight-and-trauma-of-kaibarta-partition-refugees-of-sonbeel-barak-valley-of-assam/

The historiography of the Partition of India, the creative literature andthe films evoked out of the pangs of Partition are primarily concerned withthe Partition of Punjab and Bengal. Assam as the third site of Partition remained under the veil of silence for nearly six decades. In recent years, academic interventions are forthcoming to unveil the human history of the Partition of Assam which triggered a huge forced migration of population in the Brahmaputra Valley, Barak Valley and the hill areas of Assam.

Reena Varma: Teary-eyed Indian welcomed in Pakistan after 75 years

Author(s): 
Shumaila JafferyBBC News
Publisher/Sponsor: 
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62250407

Refugees in Delhi

Author(s): 
Sharma, Maina
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Centre for Civil Society
bit.ly/3rwhjfY

There are around one lakh refugees residing in India, and close to 25,000 living in
Delhi itself. Due to various human rights abuses, severe restrictions on basic
freedoms and widespread poverty within the States of Afghanistan, Burma and
Tibet, a large number of population of these countries have fled to neighbouring
countries in quest for protection and survival. Some 9,000 Afghans; 4,200 ChinBurmese and; 6,000 Tibetans are currently living in uncertain conditions and are
dependant on other agencies to protect them.

Rehearsing the Partition: Gendered Violence in "Aur Kitne Tukde"

Author(s): 
Jisha Menon
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Feminist Review No. 84, Postcolonial Theatres (2006), pp. 29-47 (19 pages) Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.
www.jstor.org/stable/30232738

Religion, Riots and Rift: Representations of the Partition of 1947 in English-Language Picture Books

Author(s): 
Nithya Sivashankar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Ohio State University
https://sophia.stkate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049&context=rdyl

Remembering partition: women, oral histories and the Partition of 1947

Author(s): 
Pippa Virdee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Oral History Vol. 41, No. 2, CONFLICT (AUTUMN 2013), pp. 49-62 (14 pages) Oral History Society
www.jstor.org/stable/23610424

This article explores key developments in the way Partition has been represented in the history of India and Pakistan. It more specifically examines how alternative silent voices have been become more visible in the past fifteen years in the historiography of Partition. This shift has been made possible with the use of oral testimonies to document accounts of ordinary people's experiences of this event in the history of India and Pakistan.

Remembering Sylhet: A Forgotten Story of India's 1947 Partition

Author(s): 
Anindita Dasgupta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic & Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2008/31/commentary/remembering-sylhet-forgotten-story-indias-1947-partition.html

Studies of India's Partition have been focused on the cases of Punjab and Bengal, but very few have been based on the site of partition in colonial Assam, "Sylhet". Urgent attention is required to record the historiography of partition in Sylhet as many of those who had experienced the phase of partition are more than 80 years old now.

Representing partition in the UK: an archive, an exhibition and a classroom

Author(s): 
K.M. Greenbank
Publisher/Sponsor: 
India Review
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14736489.2021.1993711

In 2005 Rev. Michael Roden, the vicar at Church of England church of St Mary’s in Hitchin (a small town about 30 miles north of London) was invited to India to give a series of sermons to Indian Church of England congregations. He was struck during his visit by the scars in Indian society that he thought were the remnants of Partition’s aftermath. His visit set him thinking about the ways in which Partition has shaped British as well as Indian and Pakistani society, and about how little people in the UK know about the calamitous results of British policy at the time of decolonization.

Representing subjugation: or, the figure of the woman in partition history

Author(s): 
Rashné Limki
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504630.2020.1814717

This paper interrogates the reparative possibilities of representing subjugated voices in historical narratives. It examines, first, the onto-epistemic conditions under which this representation becomes possible. Further, it demonstrates that the possibility of representation is contingent upon the reproduction of the subjugated subject as a signifier of onto-epistemic difference. This form of representation fails to repair the harm underlying subjugation.

Resettlement experiences of Sindhi women refugees post-Partition

Author(s): 
Chakraborty, Radhika Mathrani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Routledge India
www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003246800-45/resettlement-experiences-sindhi-women-refugees-post-partition-radhika-mathrani-chakraborty

This chapter explores Sindhi Partition refugees’ experiences of settlement and adaptation in India, with emphasis on Sindhi women’s experiences. Women’s refugee histories are often marginal to mainstream discourse, although refugee experiences and subjectivities are deeply gendered. Sindhi women in particular have been relegated to the periphery – both in histories of Partition as well as scholarship on the wider Sindhi diaspora.

Response to the responses:Thoughts on the postcolonial

Author(s): 
Arif Dirlik
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698019900510401

Revisiting 1947 through Popular Cinema: A Comparative Study of India and Pakistan

Author(s): 
Gita Viswanath
Salma Malik
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic & Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2009/36/special-articles/revisiting-1947-through-popular-cinema-comparative-study-india-and

The memorialisation of the Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 through popular cinema is the theme of this paper. Both in India and Pakistan, cinema as a cultural production wields immense influence in the lives of the people and mainstream cinema has been deeply affected by Partition.

Revisiting Mahatma Gandhi through Haryanvi Folksongs

Author(s): 
Vasundhara Gautam
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Nidan : International Journal for Indian Studies, v6 n1 (20210701): 48-65
www.worldcat.org/oclc/9184260612

This article attempts to revisit the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi on women education, their empowerment and self-reliance, their potential of leadership qualities and capabilities to contribute to nation-building through the folksongs of Haryana and also how these ideas are adopted, adapted or rejected by women in the process of gaining agency. Innumerable nameless women have memorialized dignitaries like Mahatma Gandhi, Sir Chottu Ram, Bhagat Singh and many others in their folksongs.

Revolutionary Non-Violence: Gandhi in Postcolonial and Subaltern Discourse

Author(s): 
Harish Trivedi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2011.628114

Abstract: As the supreme leader of the Indian national movement for freedom, the success of which in 1947 set off a whole wave of decolonization in the rest of the British Empire, M. K. Gandhi may be thought to have a claim to be regarded as the Father of the Postcolonial. However, the founding figures of postcolonial discourse have hardly taken any note of him, and there is a deafening silence on Gandhi in the various readers, encyclopedias and companions on the subject.

Rising Violence against Muslims in India Under Modi and BJP Rule

Author(s): 
C. J. Werleman
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Insight Turkey, Vol. 23, No. 2 (SPRING 2021), pp. 39-50, SET VAKFI İktisadi İşletmesi, SETA VAKFI
www.jstor.org/stable/27028538

Abstract: While communal violence has been an ongoing and unfortunate reality for post-colonial and post-partition India, there’s no sidestepping the fact that attacks and hate crime incidences against the country’s Muslim minority by members of the Hindu majority have occurred in greater frequency and ferocity in the years since Prime Minister Narendra Modi, leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), came to power in 2014 –on the back of a Hindu nationalist agenda, one in which anti-Muslim animus and discrimination features in mainstream political discourse and government policy.

Risks of partition

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The National Archives
bit.ly/3rmOVNM

Secretary of State’s comments on India policy for British Ambassador in Washington.

Saving Punjab

Author(s): 
Geoffrey C. Ward
Publisher/Sponsor: 
SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/saving-punjab-41158359/?no-ist

A story of a Sikh architect that is helping to preserve cultural sites in the north Indian state which is still haunted by 1947’s heart-wrenching Partition.

Shades Of The Old Punjab

Author(s): 
Chander Suta Dogra
Publisher/Sponsor: 
www.outlookindia.com
http://www.outlookindia.com/article/shades-of-the-old-punjab/265962

A story of how "Sikhs and Hindus across rural Punjab are helping restore mosques destroyed during Partition."

Sharing the Sacred: Practicing Pluralism in Muslim North India

Author(s): 
Karen G. Ruffle
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Volume 41, 2011 - Issue 2: Thematic Section – Crisis and Creativity: Opportunities and Threats in the Global Study of Religion\s, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0048721X.2011.569669

Sikhs and the Partition of the Punjab

Author(s): 
Shiv Kumar Gupta
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Proceedings of the Indian History Congress Vol. 58 (1997), pp. 591-598 (8 pages) Indian History Congress
www.jstor.org/stable/44143965

Sindhnamah invites you on a tour of pre-Partition Sindh

Author(s): 
Haja, Nilofar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
www.architecturaldigest.in/content/sindhnamah-book-sindh-pre-partition/
www.architecturaldigest.in/content/sindhnamah-book-sindh-pre-partition/

Situating the Post-Partition Muslim Migrant in Pakistan

Author(s): 
Soumyadeep Neogi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Daath Voyage: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in English , 2020
www.academia.edu/44136220/Situating_the_Post_Partition_Muslim_Migrant_in_Pakistan

Abstract:Millions of people were forced to migrate after the Partition of the Indian subcontinent. Themassive human displacement enabled the creation of new ethnic identities. This was, especially,pronounced for migrant Muslims in Pakistan who had to settle there and restart their lives. Althoughinitially, they were regarded as religious refugees who had sacrificed everything for Pakistan, soonthey were treated as unwanted outsiders.

Some Called it Independence; Others Partition

Author(s): 
Neera Chandoke
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Wire
https://thewire.in/politics/some-called-it-independence-others-partition

Of course nationalism is a good – yet it has also created zones of dangers for ethnic minorities, for people who it is held do not belong, and for the vulnerable.

South Asia Citizens Web: Linking Dissent in South Asia and Beyond since 1998

www.sacw.net/rubrique20.html

The South Asian Citizens Web “aims to promote dialogue and information exchange between and about South Asian citizens initiatives.” It features resources and articles on the 1947 Partition of India.

South Asian diaspora brings 1947 partition to Western pop culture

Author(s): 
Shaistha Khan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/11/south-asian-diaspora-brings-1947-partition-to-western-pop-culture

Ms Marvel is one example of how South Asian creatives are bringing the partition of Indian subcontinent to popular culture. Here are some others.

Soviet reaction

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The National Archives
bit.ly/3xy3Aqw

Translation of article from Red Star newspaper published in the Soviet Union.

Spaces before Partition: An Introduction

Author(s): 
William Gould
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2019.1554489

This introduction frames a selection of papers that encourage a richer spatial understanding of the years before the Partition of India. The papers respond to two types of questions. One type is spatial (at what scale do we approach Partition? Through which spaces should we attempt to understand both micro and macro processes? Movements across what distances constituted Partition?). The second type is temporal (what timescales do we invoke when approaching Partition? Of what was it the endpoint? What sort of memories were invoked and made during India’s multiple partitions?).

Special Section on ‘India–China Relations in the Early 20th Century

Author(s): 
Madhavi Thampi
Publisher/Sponsor: 
China Report
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0009445514542394

State before Partition: India’s Interim Government under Wavell

Author(s): 
Rakesh Ankit
Publisher/Sponsor: 
South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2019.1556890

This paper is a study of the Interim Government in British India, formed during the penultimate viceroyalty of Archibald Wavell, from September 1946 to March 1947. It tries to throw light on major and minor personalities and micro and macro processes at work in this improbable interlude and, thus, probes an overshadowed ministerial and bureaucratic set-up in the lead-up to Partition. This understudied set-up constituted yet another compelling ‘space before Partition’ which would continue to affect the Indian state after Partition.

Staying on: partition and West Bengal's Muslim minorities

Author(s): 
Joya Chatterji
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press (online)
www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/spoils-of-partition/staying-on-partition-and-west-bengals-muslim-minorities/4165B6DE2BC444955F4A125F2F4F9BA4

Summary: India's partition was intended to create a strong, homogeneous nation, capable of being governed effectively from the centre, a goal which could be achieved only by excising from India its Muslim-majority regions. In a parallel but differently motivated campaign, the Hindus who pressed for Bengal's partition wanted to cut out territories in which Muslims were a threatening majority, even if this meant sacrificing the economic viability of their new province. But these partitions were inevitably incomplete.

Subjectivities, memories, loss of pigskin bags, silver spittoons and the partition of India

Author(s): 
Ananya Jahanara Kabir
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698010220144315

Abstract: The Partition of India was a traumatic event whose repercussions continue to impact on South Asian subjectivities in complex ways that scholarship on that event and its representations has recently begun to illuminate. This paper offers two methodological propositions, both broadly indebted to scholarship on the representation of the Holocaust, to those investigating narrative representations of Partition. First, it suggests that all investigations into the event of Partition should proceed from a radical awareness of subject position.

Taking Refuge in the City: Migrant Population and Urban Management in Post-Partition Calcutta

Author(s): 
Sengupta, Kaustubh Mani
www.mcrg.ac.in/rural_migrants/Abstracts/Kaustubh.pdf

This paper tries to lay bare the intertwined histories of rehabilitation of the refugees from East
Pakistan and the development of the city of Calcutta in the initial decades after the partition of
British India. Calcutta has attracted people from outside from its inception. Calcutta of the late eighteenth century has been described as a ‘contact zone’, where people from various fields and
countries, of varied descent, came to the city with their specific knowledge practices.1
With the

Telling tales: Women and the trauma of partition in Sidhwa's Cracking India

Author(s): 
Deepika Bahri
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698019900510321

Abstract: Bapsi Sidhwa's novel, Cracking India, presents the experiences of women during the violence of the subcontinental partition of 1947. In broaching the topics of rape and trauma, topics considered culturally taboo or unspeakable for subcontinental women, the novel obliges us to confront both the possibilities and the limits of literary representation.

Testimonies of loss and memory: Partition and the haunting of a nation

Author(s): 
Priya Kumar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698019900510311

Abstract: While the partition of the Indian subcontinent, as an event of shattering consequence, underlies the very origin of the postcolonial Indian state, historiographies of Indian nationhood are often marked by their failure to acknowledge or claim this cataclysmic history.

The 1947 Partition of India: Irish Parellels

Author(s): 
Deirdre McMahon
Publisher/Sponsor: 
History Ireland
www.jstor.org/stable/27823028

The Anxiety of Belonging: The Indian Partition

Author(s): 
Radhika Mohanram
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor & Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330903361117?scroll=top&needAccess=true

THE CALCUTTA RIOTS OF 1946

Author(s): 
Claude, Markovits
Publisher/Sponsor: 
SciencesPo
bit.ly/3rhDI0Z

The Calcutta Riots of 1946, also known as the “Great Calcutta Killing,” were four days of massive Hindu-Muslim riots in the capital of Bengal, India, resulting in 5,000 to 10,000 dead, and some 15,000 wounded, between August 16 and 19, 1946. These riots are probably the most notorious single massacre of the 1946-47 period, during which large-scale violence occurred in many parts of India. However, the “Great Calcutta Killing” stands out somewhat in the history of Calcutta, given that it was by far the most deadly episode in the recent history of the city.

The Dacca Riots

Author(s): 
Keesing's contemporary archives
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Stanford
web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1310-1962-xx-xx-KS-a-JZW.pdf

The Demographic Impact of Partition in the Punjab in 1947

Author(s): 
K. Hill
W. Selzer
J. Leaning
S. J. Malik
S. S. Russell
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Population Studies Vol. 62, No. 2 (Jul., 2008), pp. 155-170 (16 pages) Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
www.jstor.org/stable/27643460

The devil in the detail: new borders for a new state

Author(s): 
Joya Chatterji
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press (online)
www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/spoils-of-partition/devil-in-the-detail-new-borders-for-a-new-state/55CC4C5E7D50F9774840042E31ED1AA4

Attlee's statement of 3 June heralded success for the coalition of Bengal's Hindu leaders who, in the last years of the Raj, had campaigned so vigorously for the partition of their province. By decisions taken in London and in Delhi, they had won for themselves a Hindu state inside India which would be in place before the end of the monsoon. With this prize in imminent prospect, the leaders of the Hindu coalition had to turn their attention to the practical details of converting, by mid-August, their idea of a Hindu homeland into reality.

The dispersal of displaced persons in the British empire and beyond: from World War Two to the Partition of India

Author(s): 
Uttara Shahani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Refugee History Blog
refugeehistory.org/blog/2021/6/10/the-dispersal-of-displaced-persons-in-the-british-empire-and-beyond-from-world-war-two-to-the-partition-of-india

The Economic Consequences of Partition: India and Pakistan

Author(s): 
Wayne Wilox
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of International Affairs Vol. 18, No. 2, The Politics of Partition (1964), pp. 188-197 (10 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/24363272

The Economic Consequences of Partition: India and Pakistan

Author(s): 
Wayne Wilcox
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Journal of International Affairs
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24363272

The Enduring Significance of Bangladesh's War of Independence: An Analysis of Economic Costs and Consequences

Author(s): 
Saud Choudhry
Syed Basher
Publisher/Sponsor: 
College of Business, Tennessee State University, The Journal of Developing Areas Vol. 36, No. 1 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 41-55 (15 pages)
www.jstor.org/stable/4192901

The Bangladesh War of Independence, in terms of its human and economic experience, lasted only nine months. Still, it forever changed the character, pace and prospects of economic life in Bangladesh. When it ended, the economy was left prostrate; fortunes had been swept away and much of the capital stock was destroyed or in disrepair. This paper provides a systematic accounting of all these direct and indirect costs, as well as their impact on post-war economic life.

The Evolution of Hindustani Classical Music in Pakistan Since 1947

Author(s): 
Kabir Altaf
Publisher/Sponsor: 
EPW Engage
www.epw.in/engage/article/evolution-hindustani-classical-music-pakistan-1947

The 1947 partition of British India on religious lines significantly impacted Hindustani classical music in the parts of the colony that became modern Pakistan. There is a consensus that, since the creation of the country, Hindustani classical music has declined in Pakistan. Various reasons for this decline have been theorised: the contested status of music in Islam, Pakistan’s search for a national identity distinct from India's, and the loss of patronage.

The Finality of Partition: Bilateral Relations Between India and Pakistan, 1947-1957

Author(s): 
Pallavi Raghavan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
St. Johns College, University of Cambridge
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/245128/PhD%20for%20DSpace_Pallavi.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

An academic work, (PhD Thesis). Abstract from the author: This dissertation will focus on the history of bilateral relations between India and Pakistan. It looks at how the process of dealing with issues thrown up in the aftermath of partition shaped relations between the two countries. I focus on the debates around the immediate aftermath of partition, evacuee property disputes, border and water disputes, minorities and migration, trade between the two countries, which shaped the canvas in which the India-Pakistan relationship took shape.

The Further Shores of Partition: Ethnic Cleansing in Rajasthan 1947

Author(s): 
Ian Copland
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Past & Present
https://www.jstor.org/stable/651110

The Heart Divided: Writing the Human Drama of Partition in India/Pakistan

Author(s): 
Dr Pippa Virdee
imowblog.blogspot.com/2013/09/clio-talks-back-heart-divided-writing.html

The High Politics of India's Partition: The Revisionist Perspective

Author(s): 
Asim Roy
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2 (May, 1990), pp. 385-408, Cambridge University Press
www.jstor.org/stable/3126611

The Historiography of India's Partition: Between Civilization and Modernity

Author(s): 
David Gilmartin
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Journal of Asian Studies
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43553642

The Impact of Partition on Women in Select Novels of South Asian Writing in English

Author(s): 
V. Padmapriya
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Bharathidasan University
bit.ly/3LLhcVW

The impact of partition: A life sketch

Author(s): 
Hannan, Abdul
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Financial Express
thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/the-impact-of-partition-a-life-sketch-1504886167

The partition of the Indian Subcontinent 70 years ago, when the British rule ended in August 1947, has generated much interest in the American and British press and television recently. Surprisingly, there has not been any significant discussion on the matter in Bangladesh.

The Legacy of Loss: Perspectives on the Partition of Bengal

Author(s): 
Dr. Sengupta, Paula (Artist, Academician, Curator)
Bhattacharya, Vinayak (Asst. Prof. College of Art & Design, Burdwan)
Mukherjee, Debasish (Artist, Poet, Photographer)
Sen, Amritah (Artist)
Roy, Dilip (Artist)

The Legacy of Loss: Perspectives on the Partition of Bengal examines the Great Divide of 1947. It aims to capture the trauma inflicted upon a generation, and its scarring effects on the lives of successive generations. In the exhibition the power of human bonding to land and community beyond arbitrarily drawn political borders will be explored alongside the vital role of memory. The collateral programs will include curated talk sessions on Partition.

Link - bit.ly/3e9f62U

The Making of South Asia's Minorities: A Diplomatic History, 1947-52

Author(s): 
Pallavi Raghavan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly
https://www.jstor.org/stable/44004299

In April 1950, the prime ministers of India and Pakistan met in Delhi to sign the landmark inter-dominion agreement known as the Nehru-Liaquat Pact, according to which India and Pakistan would be accountable to one another for the treatment of minorities in their countries. This agreement was the outcome of a mutual necessity for both governments to regulate the unchecked movement of minority population across the border, which led them into an unlikely—though nonetheless structurally integral—position of compromise and dialogue.

The Music of Politics and the Politics of Music

Author(s): 
Anuradha Roy
Publisher/Sponsor: 
India International Centre Quarterly
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005896

The National Archives: The Punjab Boundary Force 1947

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The National Archive
bit.ly/1H6JFAC

"From an India Office Military Department file. Report on the operations of the Punjab Boundary Force by its Commander, Major-General T W Rees. The Punjab Boundary Force was formed in a largely vain attempt to control and prevent communal warfare between Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab at the time of the partition of British India into the two independent states of India and Pakistan. It operated 1 Aug - 1 Sep 1947."

The National Archives: The Road to Partition 1939-47

Publisher/Sponsor: 
The National Archive
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/topics/the-road-to-partition.htm

This document collection through the National Archives is “related to India and the struggle for independence and the road to partition 1939-1947.” It provides sources such as letters, government documents, and articles pertaining to Partition and Independence. The National Archives “is the official archive and publisher for the UK government, and for England and Wales.”

The novels on the Indian partition

Author(s): 
D R More
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Shivaji University
bit.ly/3Bvol8g

The Old Indian Photos: Historical Old VIntage Photographs of the Indian Subcontinent

www.oldindianphotos.in/search/label/Partion%20of%20India

This website features "historical old rare vintage photographs and Videos of Indian Subcontinent," including photos taken during the Partition of India.

The Partition Museum Project

Author(s): 
The Arts and Cultural Heritage Trust
Kishwar Desai
Publisher/Sponsor: 
LSE: South Asia Centre
www.partitionmuseum.org/

The main focus of the The Arts and Cultural Heritage Trust is to set up a Partition Museum. The Partition Museum Project (TPMP) was initiated by The Arts and Cultural Heritage Trust (TAACHT), in early 2015, to work towards the establishment of a world class, physical museum, dedicated to the memory of the Partition in 1947 — its victims, its survivors and its lasting legacy. In one of the greatest and most painful upheavals of contemporary history, over twenty million migrated to a new homeland on the other side of a quickly demarcated border, leaving behind precious memories.

The Partition of India in Perspective

Author(s): 
N. G. Rajurkar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
"The Indian Journal of Political Science Vol. 43, No. 2 (APRIL-JUNE 1982), pp. 34-53"
www.jstor.org/stable/41855132

The Partition of India in Retrospect

Author(s): 
Nicholas Mansergh
Publisher/Sponsor: 
International Journal Vol. 21, No. 1 (Winter, 1965/1966), pp. 1-19, Sage Publications, Ltd. on behalf of the Canadian International Council
www.jstor.org/stable/40199249

The Partition of India: A Quarter Century After

Author(s): 
Robert Eric Frykenberg
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The American Historical Review, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Apr., 1972), pp. 463-472, Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association
www.jstor.org/stable/1868702

The Partition of India: Contestation, Appeasement and Culmination

Author(s): 
Chandni Saxena
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Indian History Congress
https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156649

The Partition:A Heterotopic Transcendence in Self-Identity of the Bengali Women Migrants

Author(s): 
Moulina Bhattacharya
Publisher/Sponsor: 
University of Calcutta
www.worldcat.org/oclc/9469532012

The concept of ‘border' in the context of diasporic subjects revolves around both spatial and psycho-cultural dimensions. The Partition of India has led to the emergence of the ‘Hindu' or ‘Bengali Diaspora'. This dispersion has jeopardized the lives of South Asian women, making them undergo a process of ‘selfing' in the new (host)lands. This chapter deals with the impact of the process of rehabilitation on the conflicting forms of the ‘new' identity or the identity ‘shift' among South Asian women in diaspora.

The Pattern of Railway Development in India

Author(s): 
Daniel Thorner
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Far Eastern Quarterly
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2941731

The Persistence of Partitions: A Study of the Sindhi Hindus in India

Author(s): 
Rita Kothari
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2011.597597

Abstract: This essay is based on my engagement with the Sindhi-speaking Hindu minority of Sindh that migrated to India in and around 1947, when the province of Sindh became a part of Pakistan. It privileges therefore a specific religious group and its response and negotiation to a specific moment. My current research on Sindhi-speaking Muslims along the border interrogates the classification of ‘Sindhis’ as a spatially fixed identity, and revisits the state-endorsed premises of irrevocability and border-formation.

The Politics of Refugees in South Asia

Author(s): 
Murshid, Navine
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Routledge
www.mcrg.ac.in/RLS_Migration/Reading_List/Module_F/14.%20Pdf%20South%20Asian%20refugees.pdf

Partition and post-colonial migrations—sometimes voluntary, often forced— have created borders in South Asia that serve to oppress rather than protect. Migrants and refugees feel that their real homes lie beyond the borders, and liberation struggles continue the quest for freedoms that have proved to be elusive for many. States scapegoat refugees as “outsiders” for their own ends, justifying the denial of their rights, while academic discourse on refugees represents them either as victims or as terrorists.

The Politics of Religion and the Horror of Partition

Author(s): 
Sudhi Rajiv
Publisher/Sponsor: 
South Asian Review, Volume 30, 2009 - Issue 1: 'Theorizing Religion in a Postmodern Context'. Guest Edited by John Hawley, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02759527.2009.11932657

The Princely States, the Muslim League, and the Partition of India in 1947

Author(s): 
Ian Copland
Publisher/Sponsor: 
"The International History Review, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Feb., 1991), pp. 38-69, Taylor & Francis, Ltd. "
www.jstor.org/stable/40106322

The Process of Partition, 1947

Author(s): 
Dr. Frances W. Pritchett
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Columbia University
www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/modern/maps1947/maps1947.html

A map index of how India transformed from princely states and British colonial rule to india now post-partition.

The revolt that foreshadowed many agrarian uprisings

Author(s): 
V.B.Ganeshan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Hindu
www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-revolt-that-foreshadowed-many-agrarian-uprisings/article6142637.ece

The silence of partition: borders, trauma, and partition history

Author(s): 
Jennifer Yusin
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor & Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330903361141

In contrast to the story of the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan as an epiphenomenal event of independence, this article suggests that the division of British India signaled a unique rupture in which the creation of borders became the defining traumatic event of that history.

The Silence of the Subaltern in the Partition of India: Bengali Gendered Trauma Narratives in Shobha Rao’s “The Lost Ribbon” and Ramapada Chaudhuri’s “Embrace”

Author(s): 
Dolors Ortega Arévalo
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Indialogs: Spanish Journal of India Studies, v8 (20210401): 99-122
www.worldcat.org/oclc/9118173664

The Partition of India was one of the crucial moments marking the transition between the colonial and postcolonial era. Partition has become ever since a long-term process that continues to elicit political, cultural and emotional contexts in South Asia. The creation of Pakistan as a homeland for South Asian Muslims involved the division of Bengal and Punjab along religious lines and while the celebratory narratives of decolonization and nationhood marked the official historiographies of 1947, trauma, loss and displacement were not part of the narrative.

The Spectral Wound: Sexual Violence, Public Memories, and the Bangladesh War of 1971

Author(s): 
Nayanika Mookherjee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Duke University Press
www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1198vbh

The Story of India: Partition & Independence

Publisher/Sponsor: 
MayaVision International
www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/24.html

From website: "Explore The Story of India through this interactive photo gallery that weaves together a series of interrelated themes, events, and individuals that helped shape India's history."

The Terror of Decolonization: Exploring French India’s “Goonda Raj”

Author(s): 
Jessica Namakkal
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369801X.2016.1231586

Abstract: The colonial archives are filled with documents detailing incidents of arson, beatings, shootings, robberies and harassment that occurred along the contours of the numerous borders that separated French India from India following the departure of the British in 1947. The framing of these years as a period of terror wrought by “goondas” covered an underlying anxiety about the future of the nation-state and national citizenship at the moment of decolonization.

The Transfer of Jodhpur Railways, 1947–48: Denials, Delays and Divisions

Author(s): 
Rakesh Ankit
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic & Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2017/40/special-articles/transfer-jodhpur-railways-1947%E2%80%9348.html

The process of partition between India and Pakistan, that is, dividing up material assets, remains an under-written subject, barring its border-building aspects. While the old scholarship offered an adversarial account of this exercise, the recent attempts revise this narrative by stressing upon the cooperation evinced by the two sides. Where the former found antagonism, the latter has sought to locate some mutually agreed method in the madness.

The trouble with nostalgia

Author(s): 
Dr Pippa Virdee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Friday Times
www.thefridaytimes.com/2019/07/05/the-trouble-with-nostalgia/

The Troubled History of Partition

Author(s): 
Radha Kumar
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Foreign Affairs
http://www.partitionconflicts.com/partitions/downloads/Kumar%20Partition.pdf

A comparative analysis on states that experienced partition, specifically Cyprus, India, Palestine, and Ireland.

The Violence of Memory: Renarrating Partition Violence in Shauna Singh Baldwin's What the Body Remembers

Author(s): 
Deepti Misri
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Meridians, Duke University Press
www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/meridians.11.1.1

This article explores how Shauna Singh Baldwin's novel What the Body Remembers builds on Partition feminist historiography in order to exhume and retell the story of family violence against women during India's Partition, intended to “save their honor” from rioting mobs. While feminist historiographies have restored Partition survivors' memories of violence to the historical archive, Baldwin's novel explicitly foregrounds the role of gendered bodies in and as the archive of communal memories of violence.

The Warrior's Curse: What Decolonization Teaches Us About Democracy Promotion and Ethnic Conflict

Author(s): 
Subhasish Ray
Publisher/Sponsor: 
University of Rochester. Dept. of Political Science
www.worldcat.org/title/709773033

This study examines the hazards of democracy promotion in multi-ethnic societies. I begin by developing a simple formal model, which isolates the main features of the strategic context of democracy promotion that can trigger ethnic conflict. The key intuition of the model is that democracy promotion creates a commitment problem between ethnic majorities and minority groups that are demographically over-represented in the coercive forces of the authoritarian regime that has been removed to install democracy.

They Don’t Call Us Indian': Indian Muslim Voices and the 1947 India/Pakistan Partition

Author(s): 
Anindya Raychaudhuri
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Palgrave Macmillan
doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97123-0_7

One of the characteristics of much of the existing scholarship about the India/Pakistan partition of 1947 is that it usually privileges the refugee experience as the quintessential partition experience. The voices that are heard most prominently are of those who migrated. As a consequence, an unacceptably large proportion of partition scholarship has reflected the hegemonic binary of a Hindu India, and an Islamic Pakistan. This chapter has been conceptualised as a response to this.

Three Generations Outside Partition

Author(s): 
Mrinmoy Pramanick
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic & Political Weekly
www.epw.in/journal/2021/37/postscript/three-generations-outside-partition.html

"In April 2018, I was invited to the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, to deliver a talk at an international seminar on the Bangladesh Liberation War. While preparing for the talk, as an Indian youth born 15 years after the war in a village near India’s border with Bangladesh, I wondered what qualified me to speak on the war and that too in Bangladesh.

Through My Eyes: Stories of Conflict, Belonging & Identity

Publisher/Sponsor: 
Imperial War Museum Trading Company Ltd.
www.throughmyeyes.org.uk/custom/iwm/tme/

Summary: Through My Eyes is an online exhibition created by the Imperial War Museum. It features personal stories of war, conflict, belonging, and identity from the Indian Partition and other historical contexts.

to be pure or not to be: Gandhi, women, and the Partition of India

Author(s): 
Debali Mookerjea-Leonard
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Feminist Review No. 94 (2010), pp. 38-54 (17 pages) Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.
www.jstor.org/stable/40664128

To Draw the Line: Partitions, Dissonance, Art - A Case for South Asia

Author(s): 
Correia, Alice
Eaton, Natasha
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Third Text : Partitions Special Issue
bit.ly/3yJmMlM

This Introduction examines the contested histories of Partitions in South Asia with an emphasis on memory and the line, the map and the museum. The map is read variously as a decolonial device through the works of contemporary artists such as Gulammohamed Sheikh's ongoing project ‘Mappa Mundi’, which uses psychogeography as a cosmopolitan palimpsest for exploring the rich layered histories of artistic production, mysticism and magic realism. The line we read in relation to Radcliffe’s rather hasty decision to carve up India in 1947. In Mountbatten's words, the British really ‘fucked up’.

Towards Bangladesh: British and Pakistani Rule

Author(s): 
David Lewis
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press (online)
www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/bangladesh/towards-bangladesh/47C4ADD3136E3DF9C533B92B51AA7494

"Summary: Bangladesh's existence as a nation-state only dates from 1971, but the nation cannot be understood without reference to a much-longer historical backdrop. In this chapter we provide a selective historical overview leading up to the moment when Bangladesh emerged as a separate country, aiming to contextualise analysis of state and economy against the longer-term developments in the region. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of precolonial Bengal, a period with important implications for the shaping of the natural environment and of social and religious identities.

Towards Freedom

www.towardsfreedom.in

Towards Freedom is a historical web archive "dedicated solely to the purpose of learning re-search the history of India's struggle for Freedom from the yoke of imperialism." It features biographies of prominent leaders of the independence movement, photos, descriptions of individual movements, and a large pool of resources pertaining to Indian Independence.

Tracking Meaning between Continuous Coming and Continuous Going: The Train in Bengali Short Fictional Narratives on the Partition

Author(s): 
Dr. Barnali Saha
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Creative Forum (Issn 0975-6396) Vol. 33, No. 1-2, Jan-Dec 2020, 2020
www.academia.edu/50037653/Tracking_Meaning_between_Continuous_Coming_and_Continuous_Going_The_Train_in_Bengali_Short_Fictional_Narratives_on_the_Partition

Abstract:The Partition of India in 1947 that resulted in the death and displacement of millions of people continues to inhabit the cognizance of the people of South Asia as a historical phenomenon laden with violence. Although the bequest of the Partition is palpable in episodes of religious tension, discourses on minority belonging, secularism, nation and nationalism in India, critical exploration of the phenomenon as a tension-ridden historical episode has largely been restricted.

Troubled Waters: Can a Bridge Be Built over the Indus?

Author(s): 
John Briscoe
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Economic and Political Weekly
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25764211

Whereas once the Indus Waters Treaty could correctly be described as a beacon of light in an otherwise gloomy relationship between India and Pakistan, this is no longer so. The odds now are that the crumbling IWT will be a cause for further tension and conflict between India and Pakistan. It is also true that with far-sided political leadership, especially in India but also in Pakistan, a bridge could be built over these troubled waters and the Indus could, again, become a catalyst for cooperation.

Two Tales of a City: The Place of English and the Limits of Postcolonial Critique

Author(s): 
Rashmi Sadana
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13698010902752673

Abstract: Since the early 1980s, novels by Indians in English have become the site of a transnational publishing ‘boom’ made possible by the opening of Anglo-American literary markets to non-white writing. This essay begins by illuminating the disconnect between the postcolonial versus transnational framings of Indian English fiction. It shows how this literature has gone from being grounded in the politics of particular places to being framed as a de-territorialized literary flourishing, thereby denuding it of its political relevance in an era of transnational literary production.

Two women, one family, and divided nations

Author(s): 
Meghna Guhathakurta
www.academia.edu/48482348/Family_Histories_of_the_Bengal_Partition?sm=b

Uncovering the Veiled Experiences

Author(s): 
Kirankumar Nittali
Sandhya Devi N K
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Presidency University
www.worldcat.org/oclc/9469532062

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the atrocities against women during the Bangladesh Liberation War using memory narratives, historical accounts, and fiction. Through a particular focus on Sorayya Khan's Noor (2003), the chapter analyzes women's memories of such traumatic experiences to argue that Bengali women were not only subjected to sexual violence by the West Pakistani military but were also ostracised by their nation to create a true Bangladeshi identity.

Victims to Saviors: Governmentality and the Regendering of Citizenship in India

Author(s): 
Poulami Roychowdhury
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Gender and Society Vol. 29, No. 6 (December 2015), pp. 792-816 (25 pages) Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.
www.jstor.org/stable/43670024

Violence Against Women During the Partition of India: Interpreting Women and Their Bodies in the Context of Ethnic Genocide

Author(s): 
Dey, Arunima
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Universidad de Valladolid
bit.ly/35eUMMq

This paper focuses on the issue of violence against women during the communal riots that followed the Partition of India in 1947. The gender-specific reading of partition genocide facilitates a discussion on various forms of violence that targeted women and the symbolic meanings behind these acts. In addition, the paper explores the notion of nation as “mother” and its ideological implications for female citizens.

Visual culture and violence: inventing intimacy and citizenship in recent South Asian cinema

Author(s): 
Kavita Daiya
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19472498.2011.605301

The 1947 Partition of India has recently re-emerged as a thematic concern of many South Asian films about nationalism in popular and parallel cinema. These films invoke the 1947 Partition in both productive and troubling ways: they connect it to the contemplation of the role of religion in the contemporary nation-state, and of the impact of religious ethnicity, terrorism and gender on the experience of citizenship in both India and Pakistan.

What is refugee history, now?

Author(s): 
Nowak, Katarzyna
Banko, Lauren
Gatrell, Peter
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Cambridge University Press
bit.ly/3ht4GMQ

Refugee history at present lacks a conceptual framework, notwithstanding the proliferation of recent contributions that contribute to enlarging the field. Our article seeks to advance refugee history by drawing upon extensive research into historical case studies and proposing the framework of refugeedom.

What Really Caused the Violence of Partition?

Author(s): 
Guneeta Singh Bhalla
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Diplomat
https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/what-really-caused-the-violence-of-partition/

Whose Homeland? Territoriality and Religious Nationalism in Pre-Partition Bengal

Author(s): 
Reece Jones
Publisher/Sponsor: 
University of Wisconsin-Madison
http://sar.sagepub.com/content/26/2/115.short

Abstract from author: Scholarly inquiries into communalism in South Asia have often exclusively focused on politically constructed religious and ethnic identity categories. This article challenges these assumptions by arguing that territoriality and the designation of homelands played an important, but largely unrecognized, role in developing social and political boundaries in the region.

Who’s responsible for India’s partition?

Author(s): 
Uday Balakrishnan
Publisher/Sponsor: 
BusinessLine
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/uday-balakrishnan/whos-responsible-for-indias-partition/article24049024.ece

Why a majority of Muslims opposed Jinnah’s idea of Partition and stayed on in India

Author(s): 
Adrija Roychowdhury
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Indian Express
https://indianexpress.com/article/research/why-a-majority-of-muslims-opposed-jinnahs-idea-of-partition-and-stayed-on-in-india-8090835/

A standard narrative exists about the role of Muslims during the Partition in India, which talks about how the Muslim community, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and his Muslim League, stood for the two-nation theory and demanded the Partition of India. Historical documents, however, suggest that a majority of the Muslims opposed the Partition and stayed in India.

Why Partition survivors in the US believe it's vital to keep talking about the trauma of 1947

Author(s): 
Kavita Daiya
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Scroll.in
scroll.in/bulletins/319/watch-manish-mundras-directorial-debut-siya-sheds-light-on-indias-rape-crisis

Former refugees from both India and Pakistan, who spoke at a recent event, see their experiences reflected in Syrians seeking refuge in Europe.

Why the Partition of India and Pakistan still casts a long shadow over the region

Author(s): 
Erin Blakemore
Publisher/Sponsor: 
National Geographic
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/partition-of-india-and-pakistan-history-legacy

The end of British colonial rule birthed two sovereign nations—but hastily drawn borders caused simmering tensions to boil over. 75 years later, memories of Partition still haunt survivors.

Witnessing Partition Through Literature: Probing into Bhisham Sahni's 'Tamas'

Author(s): 
Sudha Tiwari
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Indian History Congress
https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156262

Women Amidst India's Partition

Author(s): 
Piyasha Das
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Jus Corpus Law Journal
www.juscorpus.com/women-amidst-indias-partition/#:~:text=%20WOMEN%20AMIDST%20INDIA%E2%80%99S%20PARTITION%20%201%20INTRODUCTION.,issue%20of%20who%20belonged%20was%20and...%20More%20

Women and Partition in India; victimization of women

Author(s): 
Selinaswati, Selinaswati
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Academia
www.academia.edu/6911898/Women_and_Partition_in_India_victimization_of_women

Women and Peacebuilding in Pakistan’s North West

Author(s): 
Asia Report N°321
Publisher/Sponsor: 
International Crisis Group
www.jstor.org/stable/resrep39652.1?seq=1

Women in Cinema on Partition

Author(s): 
Santosh Kumar Yadav
Publisher/Sponsor: 
International Research Journal of Humanities, Engineering and Pharmaceutical Sciences
www.researchgate.net/publication/358423713_WOMEN_IN_CINEMA_ON_INDIAN_PARTITION

India’s Independence from the British in the year 1947 was followed by an explosive and violent upheaval of its Partition that brought about in its wake mass displacement, dispossession, and the exodus of millions of people from their native surroundings across the borders of the two countries. Extremely tragic and unfortunate, this violent partition has given birth to a huge mass of literature depicting the life and plight of the humans living in the two countries.

Womens narratives of partition in Bengal

Author(s): 
Sudhanya Dasgupta Mukherjee
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Jadavpur University
bit.ly/36cKJaO

Writing in from the periphery: Partition narratives from Rurban Delhi

Author(s): 
Bodh Prakash
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17449855.2018.1461985

The concern of Partition narratives has generally been with displacement, loss of identity, alienation, gender and violence, as well as the rehabilitation of refugees. What is elided in them is the tragedy of those villagers who lost their land and livelihood in order to make space for the thousands of refugees who were resettled in “refugee” colonies. This article explores a key aspect of the impact of the Partition of India; namely, the rapid transformation of rural spaces in the periphery of the capital city of Delhi, which saw a massive influx and resettlement of refugees.

‘A certain terror’: corporeality and religion in narratives of the 1947 India/Pakistan partition

Author(s): 
Anindya Raychaudhuri
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Oral History Forum d'historie Oral
www.oralhistoryforum.ca/index.php/ohf/article/view/647

This article will take as its case study the 1947 India/Pakistan partition, and is based on a large oral history project, which took place over the last five years. In this article, I focus on selected excerpts from some of my interviews, examining the ways in which people describe religious belief, practice, prejudice and violence as corporeal experiences, with markers of religiosity often inscribed on the body. I examine how the corporeality of religious violence was not an aberration from everyday religious practices, but in effect an extension of religion as an embodied entity.

‘Democracy’ under the Raj: Elections and separate representation in British India

Author(s): 
James Chiriyankandath
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Volume 30, 1992 - Issue 1: Democracy in South Asia, Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14662049208447624

‘It’s like crossing a border everyday’: Police-migrant encounters in a postcolonial city

Author(s): 
Zoha Waseem
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07352166.2022.2091448

How are migrant communities policed in cities of the Global South where racially securitized discourses and colonial institutional legacies shape contemporary police practice? Critical criminologists advise that postcolonial perspectives offer valuable insights on imperial legacies, while allowing us to expand conceptual and empirical analyses of crime, policing, justice, and social order.

‘No matter how, Jogendranath had to be defeated’: The Scheduled Castes Federation and the making of partition in Bengal, 1945–1947

Author(s): 
Dwaipayan Sen
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Indian Economic and Social History Review
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0019464612455273

This article offers an explanation for the defeat of Jogendranath Mandal and the Scheduled Castes Federation in the context of partition-era Bengal. Departing from analyses of Scheduled Caste integration, it explores the Federation’s efforts at creating an independent political platform through a strategic alliance with the Muslim League. To this end, it traces Mandal’s and the Federation’s trajectory through the following key moments: the anti-Poona Pact day and Day of Direct Action, the 1946 election, Dr B.R.

‘No matter how, Jogendranath had to be defeated’: The Scheduled Castes Federation and the making of partition in Bengal, 1945–1947

Author(s): 
Radhika Mohanram
Publisher/Sponsor: 
Taylor and Francis Online
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09502386.2011.575263

Abstract: The focus of this essay is gendered collective memory of the partition of the Indian sub-continent in 1947, at the time of Independence from British rule. The essay addresses the question of whether there are similarities between trauma studies that developed within a Western Freudian psychoanalytic framework and the anti-colonial theory practiced by decolonizing nations. Taking two women's texts, the essay examines how gender manifests itself within the framework of trauma and how it is played out in collective memory of partition.

‘Sindh is not a piece of territory’: Sindhi belonging in India

Author(s): 
Uttara Shahani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Leaflet
theleaflet.in/sindh-is-not-a-piece-of-territory-sindhi-belonging-in-india/#:~:text=He%20argued%2C%20'Sindh%20is%20not,live%20representatives%20of%20this%20civilisation.

“An Inglorious End To A Glorious Adventure”

Author(s): 
Irfan Waheed Usmani
Publisher/Sponsor: 
The Historian July-December 2008 (Vol. 6, No. 2)
www.academia.edu/385646/_AN_INGLORIOUS_END_TO_A_GLORIOUS_ADVENTURE_

This paper analyses the background of the Kargil operation along with highlighting the significant developments in Kargil (mis)adventure, which serves as a most glaring example of inconsistency in Pakistan's Kashmir policy. It played a central role in the derailment of Lahore peace process, it was also indicative of the dominance of hawkish elements over doves with respect to Pakistan's Kashmir policy. Failure of Pakistan’s hawkish policy makers to withstand international pressure is evident from the retreat of Pakistani Mujahideen from Kargil.